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Hormone Signaling: Current Perspectives on the Roles of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants

  • Chapter
The Formation, Structure and Activity of Phytochemicals

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 45))

Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a wide range of effects on plant growth and metabolism. Plants lacking SA exhibit enhanced susceptibility to pathogens. SA plays important signaling roles in resistance against biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic phytopathogens. It is synthesized in plastids along two pathways, one involving phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the other isochorismate synthase (ICS). In Arabidopsis, during immune response most SA is synthesized through the ICS-dependent pathway, but clearly an ICS-independent pathway also exists. Several SA effector proteins have been identified and characterized which mediate downstream SA signaling. This includes SABP, a catalase, SABP2, a methyl salicylate esterase, SABP3, a carbonic anhydrase, NPR1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related 1), NPR3 (a NPR1 paralog), and NPR4 (another NPR1 paralog). NPR3 and NPR4 regulate the turnover of NPR1, a process which plays a key role in activating defense gene expression. The role of SA in abiotic stress signaling is gradually becoming clearer. Various components of SA signaling in biotic stress also appear to impact abiotic stress signaling.

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Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge support from ETSU (major RDC 14-021) and the National Science Foundation (MCB 1022077) to DK and Graduate fellowships from ETSU to IH and DC. Several new SA-binding proteins were recently identified (Manohar, Murli, et al. “Identification of multiple salicylic acid-binding proteins using two high throughput screens.” Frontiers in plant science 5, 2014) which could not be included in this review.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA

    Dhirendra Kumar, Imdadul Haq, Danda Chapagai, David Donald & Shivakumar Devaiah

  2. Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Box 70703, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Diwaker Tripathi

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA

    Mir Hossain

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    Reinhard Jetter

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Kumar, D. et al. (2015). Hormone Signaling: Current Perspectives on the Roles of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants. In: Jetter, R. (eds) The Formation, Structure and Activity of Phytochemicals. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 45. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20397-3_5

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