Abstract
To accommodate the ever-increasing demand for Utility Computing (UC) resources while taking into account both energy and economical issues, the current trend consists in building even larger data centers in a few strategic locations. Although, such an approach enables to cope with the actual demand while continuing to operate UC resources through centralized software system, it is far from delivering sustainable and efficient UC infrastructures. In this scenario, we claim that a disruptive change in UC infrastructures is required in the sense that UC resources should be managed differently, considering locality as a primary concern. To this aim, we propose to leverage any facilities available through the Internet in order to deliver widely distributed UC platforms that can better match the geographical dispersal of users as well as the unending resource demand. Critical to the emergence of such locality-based UC (LUC) platforms is the availability of appropriate operating mechanisms. We advocate the implementation of a unified system driving the use of resources at an unprecedented scale by turning a complex and diverse infrastructure into a collection of abstracted computing facilities that is both easy to operate and reliable. By deploying and using such a LUC Operating System on backbones, our ultimate vision is to make possible to host/operate a large part of the Internet by its internal structure itself: a scalable and nearly infinite set of resources delivered by any computing facilities forming the Internet, starting from the larger hubs operated by ISPs, governments, and academic institutions to any idle resources that may be provided by end users.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agha G (1986) Actors: a model of concurrent computation in distributed systems. MIT Press, Cambridge
Akka (2013) Build powerful concurrent & distributed applications more easily. http://www.akka.io. Accessed: March 2013
Andrew O (2003) Data networks are lightly utilized, and will stay that way. review of network economics. Rev Netw Econ 2(3):210–237
Armbrust M, Fox A, Griffith R, Joseph AD, Katz R, Konwinski A, Lee G, Patterson D, Rabkin A, Stoica I, Zaharia M (2010) A view of cloud computing. Commun ACM 53(4):50–58
Bacon J, Evans D, Eyers DM, Migliavacca M, Pietzuch P, Shand B (2010) Enforcing end-to-end application security in the cloud (big ideas paper). In: Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 11th International Conference on Middleware, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Middleware’10, pp 293–312
Balouek D, Carpen Amarie A, Charrier G, Desprez F, Jeannot E, Jeanvoine E, Lèbre A, Margery D, Niclausse N, Nussbaum L et al (2013) Adding virtualization capabilities to the Grid’5000 testbed. In: Ivanov I, Sinderen M, Leymann F, Shan T (eds) Cloud computing and services science, Springer, Berlin
Balouek D, Lebre A, Quesnel F (2013) Flauncher and DVMS: deploying and scheduling thousands of virtual machines on hundreds of nodes distributed geographically. In: The sixth IEEE international scalable computing challenge (collocated with CCGRID), Delft, The Netherlands
Benson T, Akella A, Maltz DA (2010) Network traffic characteristics of data centers in the wild. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, ACM, New York, IMC’10, pp 267–280
Blanc M, Briffaut J, Clevy L, Gros D, Rouzaud-Cornabas J, Toinard C, Venelle B (2013) Mandatory protection within clouds. In: Nepal S, Pathan M (eds) Security, privacy and trust in cloud systems, Springer, Berlin
Bonomi F, Milito R, Zhu J, Addepalli S (2012) Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on mobile cloud computing, ACM, New York, USA, MCC’12, pp 13–16
Buyya R, Ranjan R, Calheiros RN (2010) InterCloud: utility-oriented federation of cloud computing environments for scaling of application services. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on algorithms and architectures for parallel processing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ICA3PP’10, pp 13–31
Castro M, Druschel P, Ganesh A, Rowstron A, Wallach DS (2002) Secure routing for structured peer-to-peer overlay networks. SIGOPS Oper Syst Rev 36(SI):299–314
Church K, Greenberg A, Hamilton J (2008) On delivering embarrassingly distributed cloud services. In: HotNets
Dabek F, Cox R, Kaashoek MF, Morris R (2004) Vivaldi: a decentralized network coordinate system. In: Proceedings of the 2004 conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, SIGCOMM’04, pp 15–26
DeCandia G, Hastorun D, Jampani M, Kakulapati G, Lakshman A, Pilchin A, Sivasubramanian S, Vosshall P, Vogels W (2007) Dynamo: Amazon’s highly available key-value store. In: Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on operating systems principles, ACM, SOSP’07, pp 205–220
Discovery (2013) Distributed VM scheduler. http://beyondtheclouds.github.io/DVMS/. Accessed: March 2013
CloudStack (2013) CloudStack, open source cloud computing. http://cloudstack.apache.org. Accessed: March 2013
Foster I (2011) Globus online: accelerating and democratizing science through cloud-based services. IEEE Internet Comput 15(3):70–73
Foster I, Kesselman C (2011) The history of the grid. In: Foster I, Gentzsch W, Grandinetti L, Joubert GR (eds) Advances in parallel computing—volume 20: HPC: from grids and clouds to exascale. IOS Press, Amsterdam
Ganguly A, Agrawal A, Boykin PO, Figueiredo R (2006) IP over P2P: enabling self-configuring virtual IP networks for grid computing. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, IPDPS’06
Gary Cook JVH (2013) How dirty is your data? Greenpeace International report
Gerofi B, Ishikawa Y (2012) Enhancing TCP throughput of highly available virtual machines via speculative communication. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS conference on Virtual Execution Environments, NY, USA, VEE’12
Gigaom Consortium (2012) Amazon outages—lessons learned. http://gigaom.com/cloud/amazon-outages-lessons-learned/. Accessed: 23 Feb. 2014
Greenberg A, Hamilton J, Maltz DA, Patel P (2008) The cost of a cloud: research problems in data center networks. SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 39(1):68–73
Group IEW (2012) IEEE 802.3TM industry connections ethernet bandwidth assessment
Hermenier F, Lawall J, Muller G (2013) BtrPlace: a flexible consolidation manager for highly available applications. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Janiesch C, Matzner M, Muller O (2011) A blueprint for event-driven business activity management. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on business process management, Springer-Verlag, BPM’11, pp 17–28
Jin K, Miller EL (2009) The effectiveness of deduplication on virtual machine disk images. In: Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: the Israeli Experimental Systems Conference, ACM, New York, USA, SYSTOR’09, pp 7:1–7:12
Lakshman A, Malik P (2010) Cassandra: a decentralized structured storage system. SIGOPS Oper Syst Rev 44(2):35–40
Lefray A, Caron E, Rouzaud-Cornabas J, Zhang HY, Bousquet A, Briffaut J, Toinard C (2013) Security-aware models for clouds. In: Poster Session of IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC)
Liu J, Goraczko M, James S, Belady C, Lu J, Whitehouse K (2011) The data furnace: heating up with cloud computing. In: Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on hot topics in cloud computing, HotCloud’11
Lowe S (2011) Mastering VMware vSphere. Wiley: Indianapolis
Mao M, Humphrey M (2012) A performance study on the VM startup time in the cloud. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, IEEE Computer Society, CLOUD’12, pp 423–430
Miller KW, Voas J, Laplante P (2010) In trust we trust. Computer 43:85–87
Moreno-Vozmediano R, Montero R, Llorente I (2012) IaaS cloud architecture: from virtualized datacenters to federated cloud infrastructures. Computer 45(12):65–72
Morin C (2007) XtreemOS: a grid operating system making your computer ready for participating in virtual organizations. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, IEEE Computer Society, ISORC’07, pp 393–402
Murray P, Sefidcon A, Steinert R, Fusenig V, Carapinha J (2012) Cloud networking: an infrastructure service architecture for the wide area. HP Labs Tech Report-HPL-2012–111R1
Nicolae B, Bresnahan J, Keahey K, Antoniu G (2011) Going back and forth: efficient multideployment and multisnapshotting on clouds. In: Proceedings of the 20th international symposium on High performance distributed computing, ACM, New York, USA, HPDC’11, pp 147–158
Nimbus (2013) Nimbus is cloud computing for science. http://www.nimbusproject.org. Accessed: March 2013
OpenNebula (2013) Open source data center virtualization. http://www.opennebula.org. Accessed: March 2013
OpenStack (2013) The open source, open standards cloud. http://www.openstack.org. Accessed: March 2013
Peng C, Kim M, Zhang Z, Lei H (2012) VDN: virtual machine image distribution network for cloud data centers. In: INFOCOM, 2012, pp 181–189
Petrovic D, Schiper A (2012) Implementing virtual machine replication: a case study using Xen and Kvm. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, pp 73–80
Pfaff B, Pettit J, Koponen T, Amidon K, Casado M, Shenker S (2009) Extending networking into the virtualization layer. In: ACM HotNets
Pierre G, Stratan C (2012) ConPaaS: a platform for hosting elastic cloud applications. IEEE Internet Comput 16(5):88–92
Quesnel F, Lebre A, Sudholt M (2012) Cooperative and reactive scheduling in large-scale virtualized platforms with DVMS. Concurr Comput Pract Exp 25(12):1643–1655
Rajagopalan S, Cully B, O’Connor R, Warfield A (2012) SecondSite: disaster tolerance as a service. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS conference on Virtual Execution Environments, ACM, VEE’12, pp 97–108
Ratnasamy S, Francis P, Handley M, Karp R, Shenker S (2001) A scalable content-addressable network. In: SIGCOMM’01: Proceedings of the conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, ACM, New York, USA, SIGCOMM’01, pp 161–172
Rochwerger B, Breitgand D, Levy E, Galis A, Nagin K, Llorente IM, Montero R, Wolfsthal Y, Elmroth E, Caceres J, Ben-Yehuda M, Emmerich W, Galan F (2009) The reservoir model and architecture for open federated cloud computing. IBM J Res Dev 53(4):4:1–4:11
Sail Consortium (2012) Scalable and adaptive internet solutions—European Project FP7 program. http://www.sail-project.eu. Accessed: March 2014
Sandhu R, Boppana R, Krishnan R, Reich J, Wolff T, Zachry J (2010) Towards a discipline of mission-aware cloud computing. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on cloud computing security workshop, pp 13–18
Stoica I, Morris R, Karger D, Kaashoek MF, Balakrishnan H (2001) Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In: Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, ACM, New York, USA, SIGCOMM’01, pp 149–160
Tan T, Simmonds R, Arlt B, Arlitt M, Walker B (2008) Image management in a virtualized data center. SIGMETRICS Perform Eval Rev 36(2):4–9
Tang C (2011) FVD: a high-performance virtual machine image format for cloud. In: Proceedings of the 2011 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, USENIX Association, USENIXATC’11
Zhao H, Yu Z, Tiwari S, Mao X, Lee K, Wolinsky D, Li X, Figueiredo R (2012) CloudBay: enabling an online resource market place for open clouds. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACM Fifth International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, UCC’12
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bertier, M. et al. (2014). Beyond the Clouds: How Should Next Generation Utility Computing Infrastructures Be Designed?. In: Mahmood, Z. (eds) Cloud Computing. Computer Communications and Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10530-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10530-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10529-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10530-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)