Abstract
The biochemical processes which ensure the stability of genetic material transmitted from one generation to another are complex. A delicate balance exists between the fidelity and stability of this material which enables organisms to proliferate in their environment. Unfortunately, widespread use has been made of both man-made and naturally occurring chemical formulations which can interfere with these genetic processes. There is growing concern that these agents may be significantly contributing to the health burden of man by increasing the frequency of genetic diseases.
This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Cancer Institute, and the Energy Research and Development Administration. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated by Union Carbide Corporation for the Energy Research and Development Administration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Badr, F. M., Lorlan, P. A., and Lehmann, H., 1973, Haemoglobin P-nilotic containing a /3–8 chain, Nature (London) New Biol. 242: 107–110.
Barthelmess, A., 1970, Mutagenic substances in the human environment, in: Chemical Mutagenesis in Mammals and Man ( F. Vogel and G. Röhrborn, eds.), pp. 69–147, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Borst, P., 1972, Mitochondria) nucleic acid, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 41: 333–376.
Bunn, C. L., Mitchell, C. H., Lukins, H. B., and Linnane, A. W., 1970, Biogenesis of mitochondria, XVIII. A new class of cytoplasmically determined antiobiotic resistant mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67: 1233–1240.
Cairns, J., 1966, Autoradiography of HeLa cell DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 15: 372–373.
Clegg, J. B., Weatherall, D. J., and Milner, P. F., 1971, Haemoglobin Constant Spring—a chain termination mutant?, Nature (London) 234: 337–340.
Crippa, M., Meza, I., and Dina, D., 1973, Sequence arrangement in mRNA: Presence of poly (A) and identification of a repetitive fragment at the 5’ end, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38: 933–942.
Crow, J. F., and Kimura, M., 1970, An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory, Harper and Row, New York.
Darnell, J. E., Jelinek, W. R., and Malloy, G. R., 1973, Biogenesis of mRNA: Implications for genetic regulation in mammalian cells, Science 181: 1215–1221.
de Serres, F. J., 1973, Genetic test systems to evaluate the mutagenic effects of environmental chemicals, Pharmacol. Future Man, Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Pharmacol. (1972) 2: 171–181.
de Serres, F. J., 1974, Mutagenic specificity of chemical carcinogens in micro-organisms, in: Chemical Carcinogenesis Assays (R. Montesano, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis, eds.), IARC Scientific Publication No. 10, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
de Serres, F. J., 1975, The correlation between carcinogenic and mutagenic activity in short-term tests for mutation-induction and DNA repair, Mutat. Res. 31: 203–204.
de Serres, F. J., and Mailing, H. V., 1971, Measurement of recessive lethal damage over the entire genome and at two specific loci in the ad-3 region of Neurospora crassa with a two component heterokaryon, in: Environmental Chemical Mutagens; Principles and Methods for Their Detection, Vol. 2 ( A. Hollaender, ed.), pp. 311–342, Plenum Press, New York.
de Serres, F. J., and Osterbind, R. S., 1962, Estimation of the relative frequencies of X-ray induced viable and recessive lethal mutations in the ad-3 region of Neurospora crassa, Genetics 47: 793–796.
DuPraw, E. J., 1970, DNA and Chromosomes, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York.
DuPtaw, E. J., 1973, Quantiative constraints in the arrangement of human DNA, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38: 87–98.
Ehling, U. H., 1974, Dose-response relationship of specific locus mutations in mice, Arch. Toxicol. 32: 19–25.
Ehling, U. H., Cumming, R. B., and Malling, H. V., 1968, Induction of dominant lethal mutations by alkylating agents in male mice, Mutat. Res. 5: 417–428.
Fishbein, L., 1972, Pesticidal, industrial, food additive, and drug mutagens, in: Mutagenic Effects of Environmental Contaminants ( H. E. Sutton and M. I. Harris, eds.), pp. 129–170, Academic Press, New York.
Fishbein, L., and Flamm, W. G., 1972a, Potential environmental chemical hazards. Part 1: Drugs, Sci. Total Environ. 1: 15–30.
Fishbein, L., and Flamm, W. G., 1972b, Potential environmental chemical hazards. Part 2: Feed additives and pesticides, Sci. Total Environ. 1: 31–64.
Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., 1973, Genetic determinants of cancer, in: Host Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Cancer in Man (R. Doll and I. Vodopija, eds.), pp. 49–55, IARC Scientific Publication No. 7, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Freese, E., 1974, Genetic effects of mutagens and of agents present in the human environment, in: Molecular and Environmental Aspects of Mutagenesis ( L. Prakash, F. Sherman, M. W. Miller, C. W. Lawrence and H. W. Taker, eds.), pp. 5–13, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
Goldring, E. S., Grossman, L. I., Krupnick, D., Cryer, D. R., and Marmur, J., 1970, The petite mutation in yeast, loss of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid during induction of petites with ethidium bromide, J. Mol. Biol. 52: 323–335.
Green, B., 1970, Influence of pH and metal ions on the fluorescence of polycyclic hydrocarbons in aqueous DNA solutions, Eur. J. Biochem. 14: 567–574.
Harm, W., Rupert, C. S., and Harm, H., 1971, The study of photoenzymatic repair of UV lesions in DNA by flash photolysis, in: Photophysiology, Vol. VI ( A. C. Giese, ed.), pp. 279–324, Academic Press, New York.
Kendall, A. G., Ojwang, P. J., Schroeder, W. H., and Huisman, T. H. J., 1973, Hemoglobin Kenya, the product of a b-ß fusion gene: Studies of the family, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 25: 548–563.
Kimura, M., 1968, Genetic variability maintained in a finite population due to mutational production of neutral and nearly neutral isoalleles. Genet. Res. 11: 247–269.
Kimura, M., and Ohla, T., 1971, Protein polymorphism as a phase of molecular evolution, Nature (London) 229: 467–469.
Lieberman, M. W., 1976, Approaches to the analysis of fidelity of DNA repair in mammalian cells, in: International Review of Cytology, Vol. 45 ( G. H. Bourne, J. F. Danielli, and K. W. Jeon, eds.), pp. 1–23, Academic Press, New York.
Mailing, H. V., 1970, Chemical mutagens as a possible genetic hazard in human populations, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 31: 657–666.
Mailing, H. V., 1971, Dimethylnitrosamine: Formation of mutagenic compounds by interaction with mouse liver microsomes, Mutat. Res. 13: 425–429.
McKusick, V. A., 1975, Mendelian inheritance in man. Catalogs of Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive Phenotypes and X-linked Phenotypes, 4th ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
Miller, J. A., 1973, Naturally occurring substances that can induce tumors, in: Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods, pp. 508–549, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Neel, J. V., 1971, The detection of increased mutation rates in human populations, Perspect. Biol. Med. 14: 522–537.
Paigen, K., and Ganschow, R., 1965, Genetic factors in enzyme realization, Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 18: 99–115.
Perlman, P. S., and Mahler, H. R., 1971, Molecular consequences of ethidium bromide mutagenesis, Nature (London) New Biol. 231: 12–16.
Russell, W. L., 1951, X-ray induced mutations in mice, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 16: 327–366.
Russell, W. L., and Russell, L. B., 1959, The genetics and phenotypic characteristic of radiation-induced mutations in mice, Radiat. Res. Suppl. 1: 296–305.
Smith, C. A., Jordan, J. M., Vinograd, J., 1971, In vivo effects of intercalcating drugs on the superhelix density of mitochondria) DNA isolated from human and mouse cells in culture, J. Mol. Biol. 59: 255–272.
Sparrow, A. H., Price, H. J., and Underbrink, A. G., 1972, A survey of DNA content per cell and per chromosome of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms: Some evolutionary considerations, Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 23: 451–494.
Sutherland, B. M., Chamberlin, M. J., and Sutherland, J. C., 1973, Deoxyribonucleic acid photo-reactivation enzyme from Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 4200–4205.
Wassom, J. S., 1973, The literature of chemical mutagenesis, in: Chemical Mutagens Principles and Methods for their Detection, Vol. 3 ( A. Hollaender, ed.), pp. 271–287, Plenum Press, New York.
Watson, J. D., 1965, Molecular Biology of the Gene, W. A. Benjamin, New York.
General Bibliography
Anonymous, 1972, “Ionizing Radiation: Levels and Effects,” A report of the U.N. Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation to the General Assembly, Vol. II: Effects, United Nations, New York.
Anonymous, 1973, “The Testing of Chemicals for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity,” Ministry of Health and Welfare, Canada.
Arcos, J. C., and Argus, M. F., eds., 1974, Chemical Induction of Cancer—Structural Bases and Biological Mechanisms, Vol. IIA, Academic Press, New York.
Arcos, J. C., and Argus, M. F., eds., 1974, Chemical Induction of Cancer–Structural Bases and Biological Mechanisms, Vol. IIB, Academic Press, New York.
Balis, M. E., 1968, Antagonists and nudeic acids, in: Frontiers of Biology, Vol. 10 ( A. Neuberger and E. L. Tatum, eds.), pp. 1–293, North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam.
Becker, F. F., ed., 1975, Cancer, A Comprehensive Treatise, Etiology: Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis, Vol. I., Plenum Press, New York.
Busch, H., ed., 1974, The Molecular Biology of Cancer, Academic Press, New York.
Christensen, H. E., Luginbyhl, T. T., and Carrol, B. S., eds., 1974, The Toxic Substances List, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, Maryland.
Corcoran, J. W., and Hahn, F. E., eds., 1975, Antibiotics, Mechanism of Action and Antitumor Agents, Vol. III, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Coutinho, E. M., and Fuchs, F., eds., 1974, Physiology and Genetics of Reproduction, Vol. 4B, Plenum Press, New York.
Drake, J. W., 1970, The Molecular Basis of Mutation, Holden-Day, San Francisco.
Epstein, S. S., ed., 1971, Drugs of Abuse: Their Genetic and Other Chronic Nonpsychiatric Hazards, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Fishbein, L., Flamm, W. G., and Falk, H. L., 1970, Chemical Mutagens: Environmental Effects on Biological Systems, Academic Press, New York.
Freese, E., 1963, Molecular mechanism of mutations, in: Molecular Genetics ( J. H. Taylor, ed.), pp. 207–269, Academic Press, New York.
Freese, E., 1969, Hereditary DNA alterations, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 8: 12–20.
Freese, E., 1971, Structure-activity considerations in potential mutagenicity, in: Drugs of Abuse: Their Genetic and Other Chronic Nonpsychiatric Hazards, ( S. S. Epstein, ed.), pp. 120–124, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Gottlieb, D., and Shaw, D., eds., 1967, Antibiotics, Mechanism of Action, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Hahn, F. E., ed., 1971, Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Vol. 2, Research Symposium on Complexes and their Modes of Action, held at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C., Springer-Verlag, New York.
Hayes, W., 1968, The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses, John Wiley, New York.
Hollaender, A., ed., 1971, Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection, Vols. I and II, Plenum Press, New York.
Hollaender, A., ed., 1973, Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection, Vol. III, Plenum Press, New York.
Hook, E. B., Janerich, D. T., and Porter, I. H., eds., 1971, Monitoring, Birth Defects and Environment, the Problem of Surveillance, Academic Press, New York.
Kihlman, B. A., 1966, Actions of Chemicals on Dividing Cells, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Loomis. T. A., ed., 1972, Toxicological Problems, Pharmacology and the Future of Man, Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Pharmacology, Vol. 2, S. Karger, Basel.
Loveless, A., 1966, Genetic and Allied Effects of Alkylating Agents, Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Nakahara, W. T., Sugimura, T., and Odashima, S., eds., 1972, Topics in Chemical Carcinogenesis, University Park Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
Prakash, L., Sherman, F., Miller, M. W., Lawrence, C. W., and Faber, H. W., eds., 1974, Molecular and Environmental Aspects of Mutagenesis, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
Röhrborn, G., 1970, Biochemical mechanisms of mutation, in: Chemical Mutagenesis in Mammals and Man ( F. Vogel and G. Röhrborn, eds.), pp. 1–15, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Sarma, D. S. R., Fajalakshmi, S., and Farber, E., eds., 1975, Chemical carcinogenesis: Interaction of carcinogens with nucleic acid, in: Cancer 1-A Comprehensive Treatise Etiology: Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis ( F. F. Becker, ed.), pp. 235–288, Plenum Press, New York.
Schull, W. J., ed., 1962, Mutations: Second Conference on Genetics, Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Singer, B., 1975, The chemical effects of nucleic acid alkylation and their relation to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, in: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, Vol. 15 ( W. E. Cohn, ed.), pp. 219–284, Academic Press, New York.
Sutton, H. E., and Harris, M. I., eds., 1972, Mutagenic Effects of Environmental Contaminants, Academic Press, New York.
Ts’o, P. O., and DiPaolo, J. A., eds., 1972, Chemical carcinogenesis, in: The Biochemistry of Disease, Vol. 4, Part A, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Ts’o, P. O., and DiPaolo, J. A., eds., 1972, Chemical carcinogenesis, in: The Biochemistry of Disease, Vol. 4, Part B, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Vogel, F., and Rathenberg, R., 1975, Spontaneous mutation in man, in: Advances in Human Genetics, Vol. 5 ( H. Harris and K. Hirschhorn, eds.), pp. 223–318, Plenum Press, New York.
Vogel, F., and Röhrborn, G., eds., 1970, Chemical Mutagenesis in Mammals and Man, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Volkenshtein, M. V., 1970, Molecules and Life: An Introduction to Molecular Biology, Plenum Press, New York.
Wagner, R. P., and Mitchell, H. K., 1955, Genetics and Metabolism, John Wiley, New York.
Wilson, J. G., 1973, Environment and Birth Defects, Academic Press, New York.
Wolstenholme, G. E. W., and O’Connor, M., eds., 1969, Symposium on Mutation as Cellular Process, J. and A. Churchill, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malling, H.V., Wassom, J.S. (1977). Action of Mutagenic Agents. In: Wilson, J.G., Fraser, F.C. (eds) General Principles and Etiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2850-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2850-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2852-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2850-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive