Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Involvement of Carnitine in Reye’s and Reye-Like Syndromes

  • Chapter
Carnitine Today

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit ((MBIU))

Abstract

In 1963 Reye and colleagues described a new clinical pathological entity in childhood, called Reye’s syndrome (RS),1 characterized by non-inflammatory encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera. RS is a rare, acute, and often fatal metabolic disease affecting mostly 7- to 9-year old children after a few days of mild viral infection, treated with aspirin.2,3 The link between viral infection and aspirin has been suggested by several epi- demiological and clinical studies 4–7 and is further supported by the observed steep decline in RS cases since 1985, when professional and media warnings were issued against the use of aspirin during infections in children.8–10 However, RS has reemerged in the last few years, suggesting that it has not vanished.11

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Reye RDK, Morgan G, Baral J. Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: A disease entity in childhood. Lancet 1963; 2:749–775.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee WM. Acute liver failure. New England J Med 1993; 329:1862–1872.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Linnemann CC, Shea L, Kauffman CA, Shiff GM, Partin JC, Schubert W. Association of Reye’s syndrome with viral infection. Lancet 1974; 2:179–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Starko KM, Ray CG, Dominguez LB et al. Reye’s syndrome and salicilate use. Pediatrics 1980; 66:859–864.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Halpin TJ, Holtzhauer FJ, Campbell RJ et al. Reye’s syndrome and medication use. J Am Med Ass 1982; 248:687–691.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Waldman RJ, Hall WN, McGee H et al. Aspirin as a risk factor in Reye’s syndrome. J Am Med Ass 1982; 247:3089–3094.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hurwitz ES, Barrett MJ, Bregman D et al. Public health service study on Reye’s syndrome and medication. New England J Med 1985; 313:849–857.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Spira Kahn J. Effects of professional and media warnings about the association between aspirin use in childhood and Reye’s syndrome. The Milbank Quarterly 1992; 70(1):154–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Porter JDH, Robinson PH, Glasgow JFT et al. Trends in the incidence of Reye’s syndrome and the use of aspirin. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65:826–829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Davis DL, Buffler P. Reduction of death after drug labeling for risk of Reye’s syndrome. Lancet 1992; 340:1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Poss WB, Vernon DD, Dean JM. A reemergence of Reye’s syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148:879–882.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Green A, Hall SM. Investigation of metabolic disorders resembling Reye’s syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:1313–1617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. From the Centers for Disease Control. Reye syndrome surveillance. United States. J Am Med Ass 1991; 265:960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gerber N, Dickinson RG, Harland RC et al. Reye-like syndrome associated with valproic acid therapy. J Paediatr 1979 95:142–144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sinniah D, Baskaran G. Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of Reye’s syndrome. Lancet 1981; 1:487–489.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sugimoto T, Yasuhara Y, Nishida N et al. 3 cases of acute encepha-lopathy with calcium hopantenate administration. No To Hattatsu (Jpn) 1983; 15:258–259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hadidane R, Roger-Regnault C, Bouatour H et al. Correlation between alimentary mycotoxin contamination and specific diseases. Hum Toxicol 1985; 4:491–501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Glasgow JFT, Moore R. Reye’s syndrome 30 years on. Br Med J 1993; 307:950–951.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rowe PC, Valle D, Brusilow SW. Inborn errors of metabolism in children referred with Reye’s syndrome. J Am Med Ass 1988; 260: 3167–3170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Visentin M, Salmona M, Tacconi MT. Reye’s and Reye-like syndromes, drug related diseases? (Causative agents, etiology, pathogen-esis and therapeutic approaches). Drug Metabolism Reviews 1995; 27:517–539.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Heubi JE, Partin JC, Partin JS et al. Reye’s syndrome: current concepts. Hepatology 1987; 7:155–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tonsgard JH. Urinary dicarboxylic acids in Reye syndrome. J Paediatr 1985; 107:79–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dougherty CC, Gartside PS, Heubi JE et al. A morphometric study of Reye’s syndrome. Am J Pathol 1987; 129:313–326.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Partin JC, Shubert WK, Partin JS. Mitochondrial ultrastructure in Reye’s syndrome (encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera). New England J Med 1971; 285:1339–1341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Van Coster RN, De Vivo DC, Blake D et al. Adult Reye’s syndrome: A review with new evidence for a generalized defect in intra-mitochondrial enzyme processing. Neurology 1991; 41: 1815–1821.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. De Vivo DC. Reye syndrome: a metabolic response to an acute mitochondrial insult? Neurology 1978; 28:105–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sinatra F, Yoshida T, Applebaum M et al. Abnormalities of carbamylphosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in liver of patients with Reye’s syndrome. Pediatr Res 1975; 9: 829–833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Snodgrass PJ, Delong GR. Urea-cycle enzyme deficiencies and an increase nitrogen load producing hyperammomemia in Reye’s syndrome. New England J Med 1976; 294:855–860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Brown JK, Imam H. Interrelationship of liver and brain with special reference to Reye’s syndrome. J Inher Metab Dis 1991; 14:432–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Stumpf DA, Parker WD, Angelini C. Carnitine deficiency, organic acidemias and Reye’s syndrome. Neurology 1985; 35:1041–1045.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Tonsgard JH. Serum dicarboxylic acids in patients with Reye’s syndrome. J Paediatr 1986; 109:440–445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Corkey BE, Hale DE, Glennon MC et al. Relationship between unusual hepatic acyl coezyme A profiles and the pathogenesis of Reye syndrome. J Clin Invest 1988; 82:782–788.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Koga Y, Yoshida I, Kimura A et al. Inhibition of mitochondrial functions by margosa oil: possible implications in the pathogenesis of Reye’s syndrome. Paediatr Res 1987; 22:184–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kossak BD, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Tonsgard GH et al. Fatty acid ß-oxidation during valproic acid therapy and the role of carnitine. Ann Neurol 1991; 30:448–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Lewis JH, Zimmerman HJ, Garrett CT et al. Valproate-induced hepatic steatogenesis in rats. Hepatology 1982; 2:870–873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sugimoto T, Arak A, Nishida N et al. Hepatotoxicity in rats following administration of valproic acid: Effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Epilepsia 1987; 28:373–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Matsumoto M, Kuhara T, Inohue Y et al. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism in patients in hopantenate therapy during clinical episodes. J Chromatogr 1991; 562:139–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Roe CR, Millington DS, Maltby D et al. Status and function of L-carnitine in Reye’s syndrome (RS) and related metabolic disorders. J Natl Reye’s Syndrome Foundation 1983; 4:58–59.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sugiyama N, Kidouchi K, Kobayashi M et al. Carnitine deficiency in inherited organic acid disorders and Reye syndrome. Acta Pediatr Jpn 1990; 32:410–416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Matsuyuki M. Mitochondrial changes and carnitine status in fasting rats. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1990; 32:443–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Trauner DA, Horvith E, Davis LE. Inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation by influenza B virus and salicilic acid in mice: Implications for Reye’s syndrome. Neurology 1988; 38:239–241.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sinniah D, Sinniah R, Baskaran G et al. Evaluation of the possible role of glucose, carnitine, coenzyme Q10 and steroids in the treatment of Reye’s syndrome using the margosa oil animal model. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1990; 32:462–468.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Takeyama N, Takagi D, Matsuo N et al. Altered hepatic fatty acid metabolism in endotoxicosis: Effect of L-carnitine on survival. Am J Physiol 1989; 256:E31–E38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kilpatrick LE, Polin RA, Douglas SD et al. Hepatic metabolic alterations in rats treated with low-dose endotoxin and aspirin: An animal model of Reye’s syndrome. Metabolism 1989; 38:73–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Visentin M, Bellasio R, Tacconi MT. Reye syndrome model in rats: Protection against liver abnormalities by L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. J Pharm Exp Ther 1995; 275:1069–1075.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Matsubasa T, Ohtani Y, Miike T et al. Carnitine prevents Reye-like syndrome in atypical carnitine deficiency. Pediatric Neurol 1986; 2:80–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Maria Teresa Tacconi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Landes Bioscience

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tacconi, M.T. (1997). Involvement of Carnitine in Reye’s and Reye-Like Syndromes. In: Carnitine Today. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6005-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6005-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-13271-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6005-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation