Abstract
This chapter deals with the effects of water on the mechanical behaviour of pavements. The analysis is based on constitutive considerations. Constitutive models devoted to both routine and advanced pavement analysis and design are introduced and both the resilient behaviour as well as the long term elasto-plastic approaches are presented. As soon as the approach considers the material as a two phase (solid matrix and a fluid), the introduction of the effective stress concept is required. In the last section an analysis is made on the extension of the constitutive models to the characterisation of partially saturated materials.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdelkrim, M., De Buhan, P. & Bonnet G., 2003, “A computational procedure for predicting the long term residual settlement of a platform induced by repeated traffic loading”, Comput. Geotech., 30 pp. 463–476.
Allou, F., Chazallon, C., Hornych, P., 2007, “A numerical model for flexible pavements rut depth evolution with time”, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 31, pp. 1–22.
Alonso, E. E., Gens, A. & Josa, A. 1990, “A constitutive model for partially saturated soils”, Géotechnique, 40(3), pp. 405–430.
Amadeus Project, 2000, “Advanced Models for Analytical Design of European Pavement Structures”, Final report, European Commission.
ARA Inc, 2004, “Guide for the Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated pavement Structures”, Final Report No 1-37A, Part 2, “Design Inputs”, Chapter\ref{ch03:chap03} “Environmental Effects”, March,50pp.
Arnold, G., Hughes, D.A.B., Dawson, A.R. & Robinson, D., 2003, “Design of granular pavements”, Transport. Res. Board, 1819, 2, pp. 194–200.
Barksdale, RD., 1972, “Laboratory Evaluation of Rutting in base Course Materials”, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, London, pp. 161–174.
Biarez, J., 1961, “Contribution à l’étude des propriétés mécanique des sols et des matériaux pulvérulents”, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Sciences, University of Grenoble, France.
Bishop, A.W., 1959, “The principle of effective stress”, Tecknisk Ukelbad, 39, pp. 859–863.
Bishop, A.W. & Blight, G.E., 1963, “Some aspects on effective stress in saturated and partly saturated soils”, Géotechnique, 13(3), pp. 177–197.
Bonaquist, R.F. & Witczak, M.W., 1997, “A comprehensive constitutive model for granular materials in flexible pavements structures”, Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Asphalt Pavements, Seattle, U.S.A., pp. 783–802.
Boyce, JR., 1980, “A non-linear model for elastic behaviour of granular materials under repeated loading”, Proc. Int. Symp. Soils under Cyclic and Transient Loading, Swansea, pp. 280–294
CEN, 2000, “Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures– Part 7: Cyclic load triaxial test for unbound mixtures”, European standard EN 13286-7, Comité Européen de Normalisation.
Chazallon C., Hornych P. & Mouhoubi S., 2006, “An elasto-plastic model for the long term behaviour modelling of unbound granular materials in flexible pavements”, Int. J. of Geomech., Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 6(4), pp. 279–289.
Collins, I.F. & Boulbibane, M., 2000, “Geomechanical analysis of unbound pavements based on shakedown theory”, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, Am. Soc. Civil Eng’rs., 126(1) pp. 50–59.
Dawson, A.R. & Kolisoja, P., 2004, “Permanent deformation”, Report to ROADEX II project, Highland Regional Council, 47pp. Available at www.roadex.org.
Desai, C.S., 2002, “Mechanistic Pavement Analysis and Design using Unified Material and Computer Models”, Proc., 3rd Int. Symp.3D Finite Elements for Pavement Analysis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 1–63.
Desai, C.S., and Somasundaram, S. & Frantziskonis, G., 1986, “A hierarchical approach for constitutive modelling of geologic materials”, Int J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 10(3), pp. 225–257.
Ekblad, J., 2004, “Influence of water on resilient properties of coarse granular materials”, Licentiate thesis, Civil and Architectural Engineering”, Royal Inst. Technology (KTH), Stockholm,107pp.
Elhannani, M., 1991, “Modélisation et Simulation Numérique des Chaussées Souples”, PhD Thesis, University of Nantes, France.
Fredlund D.G. & Morgenstern, N.R., 1977, “Stress state variables for unsaturated soils”. J.Geotech. Eng., Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 5, pp 447–465.
Gidel, G., Hornych, P., Chauvin, J-J., Breysse, D. & Denis A., 2001, “Nouvelle approche pour l’étude des déformations permanentes des graves non traitées à l’appareil triaxial à chargement répétés”, Bulletin de liaison des Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées, pp. 5–22.
Habiballah, T.M. & Chazallon, C., 2005, “Cyclic plasticity based model for the unbound granular materials permanent strains modelling of flexible pavements”, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 29(6), pp. 577–596.
Hicks, R.G. & Monismith, C.L., 1971, “Factors influencing the resilient response of granular materials”, Highways Research Record, No. 345, Highways Research Board, pp. 15–31.
Hornych, P., Chazallon, C., Allou, F. & El Abd, A., 2007, “Prediction of Permanent Deformations of Unbound Granular Materials in Low Traffic Pavements”, Int. J. Road Mater. Pavement Des., 8(4), pp. 643–666.
Hornych, P., Corte J.F. & Paute, J.L., 1993, “Etude des déformations permanentes sous chargements répétés de trois graves non traitées”. Bulletin de liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, Presse de l’ENPC, Paris, France, No 184, pp. 45–55.
Hornych, P., Kazai, A. & Piau, JM., 1998, “Study of the resilient behaviour of unbound granular materials”, Proc. Bearing Capacity Roads, Railways & Airfields, 1998, Trondheim, 3, pp. 1277–1287
Hujeux J.C., 1985, “Une loi de comportement pour le chargement cyclique des sols”, in Génie Parasismique, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, pp. 316–331.
Khalili, N. & Khabbaz, M.H., 1998, “A unique relationship for the determination of the shear strength of unsaturated soils”, Géotechnique, 48(5), pp. 681–687.
Khalili N., Witt, R., Laloui, L., Vulliet, L. & Koliji, A., 2005, “Effective stress in double porous media with two immiscible fluids”, Geophy. Res. Lett., 32(15), L15309.
Laloui L., Geiser, F. & Vulliet, L., 2001, “Constitutive modeling of unsaturated soils”, Revue française de génie civil, 5, pp. 797–807.
Laloui, L., Klubertanz, G. & Vulliet, L., 2003, “Solid-liquid-air coupling in multiphase porous media”, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 27(3), 183–206.
Lashine, AK., Brown, SF., Pell, PS., 1971, “Dynamic properties of soils”, Dept. Civil Eng’g., University of Nottingham.
Lekarp, F. & Dawson, A., 1998, “Modelling permanent deformation behaviour of UGM”., Construction and Building Materials, 12(1), pp. 9–18.
Long, X., Aubeny, C.P., Rifat, B. & Lytton, R.L., 2006, “Two-dimensional moisture flow– soil deformation model for application to pavement design”, Transport. Res. Rec., 1967, pp. 121–131.
Maier, G., Pastor, J., Ponter, A.R.S. & Weichert, D., 2003, “Direct methods of limit and shakedown analysis”, Numerical & Computational Methods, Chapter\ref{chap12} in volume 3, R. de Borst and H.A. Mang, (eds.), Elsevier-Pergamon, Amsterdam.
Mayoraz F., 2002, “Comportement mécanique des milieux granulaires sous sollicitations cycliques: Application aux fondations des chaussées souples”, Ph. D. Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
Pan, T., Tutumluer, E. & Anochie-Boateng, J., 2006, “Aggregate Morphology Affecting Resilient Behavior of Unbound Granular Materials”, Transport. Res. Rec., 1952, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp. 12–20.
Paute, J.L., Jouve, P., Martinez, P. & Regneau, E., 1988, “Modèle de calcul pour le dimensionnement des chaussées souples“, Bulletin de liaison des Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées, 156, pp. 21–36.
Perzyna, P., 1966, “Fundamental problems in viscoplasticity”, Rec. Adv. Appl. Mech., 9, pp. 243–377.
Seyhan, U., Tutumluer, E., & Yesilyurt, H., 2005, “Anisotropic aggregate base inputs for mechanistic pavement analysis considering effects of moving wheel loads,” J. Mater. Civil Eng, Am. Soc. Civil Eng’rs., 17(5), October, pp. 1–8.
Sharp, RW. & Booker, JR., 1984, “Shakedown of Pavements under Moving Surface Loads”, J.Transport. Eng., Am. Soc. Civil Eng’rs., 110(1), pp. 1–14.
Suiker, A.S.J. & de Borst R., 2003, “A numerical model for cyclic deterioration of railways tracks”, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 57(4), pp. 441–470.
Terzaghi K., 1943. “Theoretical soil mechanics”, Chapman and Hall, London.
Wong, S.K., Kapoor, A. & Williams, J.A., 1997, “Shakedown limits on coated and engineered surfaces”, Wear, 203–204, pp. 162–170.
Yu H.S., 2005. Special issue on the Shakedown theory, Int. J. Road Mater. Pavement Des.,6(1), pp. 1–134.
Yu, H.S., & Hossain, M.Z., 1998, “Lower bound shakedown analysis of layered pavements discontinuous stress fields”, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 167, pp. 209–222.
Zarka, J. & Casier, J., 1979, “Elastic plastic response of structure to cyclic loading: practical rules”, Mechanics Today, 6, Ed Nemat-Nasser, Pergamon Press, pp. 93–198.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laloui, L. et al. (2009). Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Constitutive Modelling. In: Dawson, A. (eds) Water in Road Structures. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8562-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8562-8_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8561-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8562-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)