Abstract
With an alarmingly low teledensity in South Africa, just 12%, and not much hope of further wired infrastructure at the local loop level, as the costs incurred are high compared to potential revenue, wireless connectivity could be a great asset and service in South Africa. However, the use of unlicensed spectrum in building wireless networks can be comparable to “The Tragedy of the Commons”, the result of selfish behaviour towards common and limited resources. This paper evaluates the use of 802.11 wireless technologies in building a broadband wireless network and the effects of high amounts of interference on such a network. The paper concludes that for urban areas 802.11 technologies using unlicensed spectrum is not advisable, unless used in point-to-point links, while its use in rapid rural development (where there is less interference) is very promising.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. Gillwald, “Under-serviced Area Licences in South Africa: Steps to achieving viable operators,” Feb. 2002, last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://link.wits.ac.za/papers/usal.pdf
Genesis Analytics, “Telecommunications prices in South Africa: An international peer group comparison,” Occasional Paper No 1/2005, Apr. 2005.
W. Drew, “Wireless networks: new meaning to ubiquitous computing,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2003, last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://people.morrisville.edu/∼ drewwe/wireless/jal-wireless.pdf
D. Essex. (1999, Oct.) Wow! Wireless Works! Last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.healthcareinformatics.com/issues/1999/10_99/cover.htm
LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, “Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” IEEE-SA Standards Board - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Tech. Rep., 1999.
F. Bellotti, A. D. Gloria, D. Grosso, and L. Noli, “WLESS-frame: a simulation-based development environment for 802.11 stations,” Computer Networks, vol. 36, pp. 625-641, 2001.
N. Baghaei and R. Hunt, “Review of quality of service performance in wireless LANs and 3G multimedia application services,” Computer Communications, vol. 27, pp. 1684-1692, 2004.
LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, “Supplement to IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band,” IEEE-SA Standards Board - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Tech. Rep., 1999.
“IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements. Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications Amendment 4: Further Higher Data Rate Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band,” IEEE-SA Standards Board - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Tech. Rep., 2003.
C. Aichele, R. Flickenger, C. Fonda, J. Forster, I. Howard, T. Krag, and M. Zennaro, Wireless Networking in the Developing World: A practical guide to planning and building low-cost telecommunications infrastructure. Limehouse Book Sprint Team, 2006, last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://wndw.net/index.html
A. Gumaste and T. Antony, First Mile Access Networks and Enabling Technologies. 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA: Cisco Press, 2004.
G. Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science, vol. 162, no. 3859, pp. 1243-1248, Dec. 1963, last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/sotp/pdfs/162-3859-1243.pdf
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2006) Tragedy of the commons. online encyclopedia. Last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons
B. Whittington, G. Halse, and A. Terzoli, “Secure, extensible and heterogenic wireless networks: A model for community orientated wireless Internet in South Africa,” Computer Science Honours thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, 2003.
I. Brandt, A. Terzoli, and C. Hodgkinson-Williams, “Wireless Communication for Previously Disadvantaged Secondary Schools in Grahamstown, South Africa,” in SATNAC 2005, Convergence - Can technology deliver?, Sept. 2005. [Online]. Available: http://ings.rucus.net/Brandt.pdf
Motorola. (2004) Canopy Wireless Broadband Platform. Last accessed Jun. 2004. [Online]. Available: http://motorola.canopywireless.com/
M. Haardt and Q. Spencer, “Smart antennas for wireless communications beyond the third generation,” Computer Communications, vol. 26, pp. 41-45, 2003.
J. T. Bernhard, G. H. Huff, S. Zhang, and G. Cung, “Reconfigurable Portable Antenna Systems For High-Speed Wireless Communication,” 2003, last Accessed Apr. 2006. [Online]. Available: http://hcac.hawaii.edu/tcwct03/papers/s07p05.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Brandt, I., Terzoli, A., Hodgkinson-Williams, C. (2007). Wi-Fi as a Last Mile Access Technology and The Tragedy of the Commons. In: Sobh, T., Elleithy, K., Mahmood, A., Karim, M. (eds) Innovative Algorithms and Techniques in Automation, Industrial Electronics and Telecommunications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6266-7_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6266-7_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6265-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6266-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)