The transfer of acoustic information can be represented as consisting of three parts: the source, the medium, and the receiver. The transmitted information (signal) arrives at the receiver distorted by the medium and corrupted by noise. Thus, even when the signal is deterministic in nature, a complete description of the received signal must be a statistical one. That is to say, any processing carried out on the received energy must contain the best characterization of the distortion by the medium and corruption by the noise that is available, and this can only be done in terms of statistics.
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Sullivan, E.J. (2008). Statistical Signal Processing. In: Havelock, D., Kuwano, S., Vorländer, M. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_94
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