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Antibiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome : Individual Responses, Resilience of the Ecosystem, and the Susceptibility to Infections

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How to Overcome the Antibiotic Crisis

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 398))

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota is a diverse ecosystem containing thousands of microbial species, whose metabolic activity affects many aspects of human physiology. Large-scale surveys have demonstrated that an individual’s microbiota composition is shaped by factors such as diet and the use of medications, including antibiotics. Loss of overall diversity and in some cases loss of single groups of bacteria as a consequence of antibiotic treatment in humans has been associated with enhanced susceptibility toward gastrointestinal infections and with enhanced weight gain and obesity in young children. Moreover, the extensive use of antibiotics has led to an increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within commensal bacteria that can be transferred to invading pathogens, which complicates the treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, we provide insight into the complex interplay between the microbiota and antibiotics focussing on (i) the effect of antibiotics on the composition of the microbiota, (ii) the impact of antibiotics on gastrointestinal infections, and (iii) finally the role of the microbiota as reservoir for ARGs. We also discuss how targeted manipulation of the microbiota may be used as an innovative therapeutic approach to reduce the incidence of bacterial infections as well as resulting complications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany

    Sophie Thiemann, Nathiana Smit & Till Strowig

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  1. Sophie Thiemann
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  2. Nathiana Smit
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  3. Till Strowig
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Correspondence to Till Strowig .

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  1. Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Marc Stadler

  2. Dept. Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Petra Dersch

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Thiemann, S., Smit, N., Strowig, T. (2016). Antibiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome : Individual Responses, Resilience of the Ecosystem, and the Susceptibility to Infections. In: Stadler, M., Dersch, P. (eds) How to Overcome the Antibiotic Crisis . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 398. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2016_504

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