Abstract
Flow cytometry is the measurement of cells or other particles flowing past one or more sensing zones. Most commonly the sensing zone is a focused beam of light, and particles are characterized by the scattered and fluorescent light pulses that are created as the particle passes through the light beam. Unlike microscopic image analysis, flow cytometry generally measures the total signal from a particle and does not provide morphological detail on the shape or size of the sources of signal within the particle. The strength of flow cytometry is rapidly providing measurements from multiple fluorochrome stains along with several intrinsic measures of particle characteristics. In some flow cytometers particles with selected measurement properties can be physically sorted and collected. This chapter provides an overview of the technology and application of flow cytometry. All major aspects of the technology are introduced, and references to original literature are provided for readers interested in additional details. Special attention is given the use of fluorescence measurements.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Givan AL (2001) Flow Cytometry: First Principles. Wiley, New York
Ormerod MG (2000) Flow Cytometry: A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Diamond RA, Demaggio S (eds.) (2000) In Living Color: Protocols in Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting. Springer, Berlin
Watson JV (2004) Introduction to Flow Cytometry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Shapiro HM (2003) Practical Flow Cytometry, 4th edn. Wiley, Hoboken
Kachel V (1976) J Histochem Cytochem 24:211
Crosland-Taylor PJ (1953) Nature 171:37
Crosland-Taylor PJ, Stewart JW, Haggis G (1958) Blood 13:398
Dittrich W, Gohde W (1969) Z Naturforsch B 24:360
Kamentsky LA, Melamed MR, Derman H (1965) Science 150:630
Kamentsky LA, Melamed MR (1967) Science 156:1364
Fulwyler MJ (1965) Science 150:910
Sweet RG (1965) Rev Sci Instrum 36:131
Hulett HR, Bonner WA, Barrett J et al. (1969) Science 166:747
Stewart CC, Steinkamp JA (1982) Cytometry 2:238
Keij JF, van Rotterdam A, Groenewegen AC et al. (1991) Cytometry 12:398
Leary JF (2005) Cytometry A 67:76
Bonner WA, Hulett HR, Sweet RG et al. (1972) Rev Sci Instrum 43:404
Hulett HR, Bonner WA, Sweet RG et al. (1973) Clin Chem 19:813
Fu AY, Spence C, Scherer A et al. (1999) Nat Biotechnol 17:1109
Habbersett RC, Jett JH (2004) Cytometry A 60:125
Steen HB (2004) Cytometry A 57:94
Kuckuck FW, Edwards BS, Sklar LA (2001) Cytometry 44:83
Schwartz A, Sugg H, Ritter TW et al. (1983) Cytometry 3:456
Steinkamp JA, Hiebert RD (1982) Cytometry 2:232
Steinkamp JA, Kraemer PM (1974) J Cell Physiol 84:197
Hoffman RA, Britt WB (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:234
Hoffman RA, Johnson TS, Britt WB (1981) Cytometry 1:377
Warner BA, Reardon DM (1991) Am J Clin Pathol 95:207
Peters DC (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:241
Goodwin PM, Ambrose WP, Martin JC et al. (1995) Cytometry 21:133
Asbury CL, Uy JL, van den Engh G (2000) Cytometry 40:88
Beisker W, Eisert WG (1981) Anal Quant Cytol 3:315
Beisker W (1997) Proc SPIE 2982:420
Hakamata T (2006) Photomultiplier Tubes – Basics and Applications. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Electron Tube Division, Hamamatsu City
Kerker M (1983) Cytometry 4:1
Salzman GC, Wilder ME, Jett JH (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:264
Mullaney PF, Crowell JM, Salzman GC et al. (1976) J Histochem Cytochem 24:298
Sharpless TK, Bartholdi M, Melamed MR (1977) J Histochem Cytochem 25:845
Steinkamp JA (1983) Cytometry 4:83
Stewart CC, Stewart SJ, Habbersett RC (1989) Cytometry 10:426
de Grooth BG, Terstappen LW, Puppels GJ et al. (1987) Cytometry 8:539
Fawzi ZO, Fakhro NA, Nabhan RA et al. (2003) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97:71
Olson RJ, Zettler ER, Anderson OK (1989) Cytometry 10:636
Leary JF, Todd P, Wood JC et al. (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:315
Sharpless TK, Melamed MR (1976) J Histochem Cytochem 24:257
Maecker HT, Frey T, Nomura LE et al. (2004) Cytometry A 62:169
Bagwell CB, Adams EG (1993) Ann NY Acad Sci 677:167
Roederer M (2001) Cytometry 46:357
Roederer M (2001) Cytometry 45:194
Steinkamp JA, Crissman HA (1993) Cytometry 14:210
Cui HH, Valdez JG, Steinkamp JA et al. (2003) Cytometry A 52:46
Deka C, Cram LS, Habbersett R et al. (1995) Cytometry 21:318
Deka C, Sklar LA, Steinkamp JA (1994) Cytometry 17:94
Pinsky BG, Ladasky JJ, Lakowicz JR et al. (1993) Cytometry 14:123
Steinkamp JA (1994) Methods Cell Biol 42 Pt B:627
Crissman HA, Steinkamp JA (2001) Methods Cell Biol 63:131
Arndt-Jovin DJ, Jovin TM (1976) Prog Clin Biol Res 9:123
Keene JP, Hodgson BW (1980) Cytometry 1:118
Schaap GH, de Josselin de Jong JE, Jongkind JF (1984) Cytometry 5:188
Bock G, Huber LA, Wick G et al. (1989) J Histochem Cytochem 37:1653
Epstein M, Norman A, Pinkel D et al. (1977) J Histochem Cytochem 25:821
Fox MH, Delohery TM (1987) Cytometry 8:20
Bene L, Fulwyler MJ, Damjanovich S (2000) Cytometry 40:292
Chan SS, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Jovin TM (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:56
Uy JL, Asbury CL, Petersen TW et al. (2004) Cytometry A 61:18
Seamer LC, Bagwell CB, Barden L et al. (1997) Cytometry 28:118
Wood JC (1998) Cytometry 33:260
Bagwell CB (2005) Cytometry A 64:34
Parks DR, Roederer M, Moore WA (2006) Cytometry A 69:541
Aubin JE (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:36
Benson RC, Meyer RA, Zaruba ME et al. (1979) J Histochem Cytochem 27:44
White JC, Stryer L (1987) Anal Biochem 161:442
Doornbos RM, de Grooth BG, Greve J (1997) Cytometry 29:204
Bagwell CB, Baker D, Whetstone S et al. (1989) Cytometry 10:689
Gandler W, Shapiro H (1990) Cytometry 11:447
Schmid I, Schmid P, Giorgi JV (1988) Cytometry 9:533
Wood JC, Hoffman RA (1998) Cytometry 33:256
Chase ES, Hoffman RA (1998) Cytometry 33:267
Steen HB (1992) Cytometry 13:822
Jung T, Schauer U, Heusser C et al. (1993) J Immunol Methods 159:197
Prussin C, Metcalfe DD (1995) J Immunol Methods 188:117
Nylander S, Kalies I (1999) J Immunol Methods 224:69
Maino VC, Maecker HT (2004) Clin Immunol 110:222
Suni MA, Maino VC, Maecker HT (2005) Curr Opin Immunol 17:434
Maecker HT, Rinfret A, D'Souza P et al. (2005) BMC Immunol 6:13
Gratama JW, Orfao A, Barnett D et al. (1998) Cytometry 34:128
Baumgarth N, Roederer M (2000) J Immunol Methods 243:77
Roederer M, De Rosa S, Gerstein R et al. (1997) Cytometry 29:328
Roederer M, Brenchley JM, Betts MR et al. (2004) Clin Immunol 110:199
Wood B (2006) Arch Pathol Lab Med 130:680
Lisi PJ, Huang CW, Hoffman RA et al. (1982) Clin Chim Acta 120:171
McHugh TM, Stites DP, Casavant CH et al. (1986) J Immunol Methods 95:57
Morgan E, Varro R, Sepulveda H et al. (2004) Clin Immunol 110:252
Nolan JP, Sklar LA (2002) Trends Biotechnol 20:9
Nolan JP, Mandy F (2006) Cytometry A 69:318
Davey HM (2002) Methods Cell Sci 24:91
Shapiro HM (2000) J Microbiol Methods 42:3
Winson MK, Davey HM (2000) Methods 21:231
Fernandez LA, Hatch EW, Armann B et al. (2005) Transplantation 80:729
Furlong EE, Profitt D, Scott MP (2001) Nat Biotechnol 19:153
Huh D, Gu W, Kamotani Y et al. (2005) Physiol Meas 26:R73
Chan SD, Luedke G, Valer M et al. (2003) Cytometry A 55:119
Palkova Z, Vachova L, Valer M et al. (2004) Cytometry A 59:246
Lancaster C, Kokoris M, Nabavi M et al. (2005) Methods 37:120
Wolff A, Perch-Nielsen IR, Larsen UD et al. (2003) Lab Chip 3:22
Cheung K, Gawad S, Renaud P (2005) Cytometry A 65:124
Levin A, Brubaker G, Shao JS et al. (1996) Int J STD AIDS 7:288
Young NL, Ponglertnapakorn P, Shaffer N et al. (1997) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4:783
Gonzalo C, Boixo JC, Carriedo JA et al. (2004) J Dairy Sci 87:3623
Gunasekera TS, Veal DA, Attfield PV (2003) Int J Food Microbiol 85:269
Christensen P, Knudsen DB, Wachmann H et al. (2004) Theriogenology 62:1218
Christensen P, Stenvang JP, Godfrey WL (2004) J Androl 25:255
Garner DL (2001) J Androl 22:519
Johnson LA (2000) Anim Reprod Sci 60-61:93
Dubelaar GB, Geerders PJ, Jonker RR (2004) J Environ Monit 6:946
Dubelaar GB, Gerritzen PL, Beeker AE et al. (1999) Cytometry 37:247
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoffman, R.A. (2008). Flow Cytometry: Instrumentation, Applications, Future Trends and Limitations. In: Resch-Genger, U. (eds) Standardization and Quality Assurance in Fluorescence Measurements II. Springer Series on Fluorescence, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/4243_2008_037
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/4243_2008_037
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70570-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70571-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)