Skip to main content

Isolated, Bare Metal Clusters: Abundances And Ionization

  • Conference paper
Large Finite Systems

Part of the book series: The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry ((JSQC,volume 20))

Abstract

Metal cluster ensembles serve as ingredients for modelling disordered (glassy, liquid) metals. They are also the first manifestations of bonding interactions of metal atoms. Seme of their properties make them new chemical entities which merit research in their own right. Clusters can now be made and studied for all metals as size distributions. There is no agreement yet, what constitutes a reproducibly “correct” size-abundance distribution, nor do we know how to port results from one cluster source to the next. All inferences drawn from dominant species in a mass spectrum must, therefore, be scrutinized for a number of influences before one can draw conclusions about intrinsic properties. This is exemplified with abundances and phototoinization potentials of alkali cluster beams. The scope and experimental applicability of global and detailed theoretical descriptions is discussed and problems to be solved are enumerated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Reviews in Z. Physik D, 3, 86; Chen. Rev. 86, 4, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  2. See for example Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. Liquid Amorph. Met., Garmisch, August 1986 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. Delacretaz, E. Grant, R. Whetten, L. Woste and J. Zwanziger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 2598(1986); M. Broyer, G. Delacretaz, P. Laba- stie, J. Wolf, and L. Wöste, Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, 1851(1981).

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. Rohlfing & J. Valentini, Chen. Phys. Lett., 126, 113(1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. W. Knight, R. Monot, E. Dietz, and A. George, Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, 1324(1978); M. Hoffmann, Ph.D. thesis U. of Bern, Bern 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. Cox, D. Trevor, R. Whetten, E. Rohlfing, and A. Kaldor, Phys. Rev. B, 32, 7290(1985); J. Chem. Phys., 84, 4651(1986).

    Google Scholar 

  7. K. Clemenger, Phys. Rev.B, 32, 1359(1985); Ph.D. thesis, U. of California, Berkeley, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Kappes & E. Schumacher, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Davis, K. Klabunde, ChemRev., 82, 152(1982).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Kaldor, D. Cox, D. Trevor, and M. Zakin, Z.Phys. D, 3,195(1986).

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Geusic, M. Morse, and R. Smalley, J. Chan. Phys., 82,590(1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Richtsmaier, E. Parks, K. Liu, L. Pobo, and S. Riley, J. Chen. Phys., 82, 3659(1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Kappes & S. Leutwyler, in “Atonic & Molecular Beam Methods”, G. Scoles, Ed., Oxford University Press, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Kappes, R. Kunz & E. Schumacher. Phys, Lett., 91, 413(1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. Knight, K. Clemenger, W. de Heer, W. Saunders, M. Chou, and M.Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 2141(1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. O. Hagena and W. Obert, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 1793(1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Kappes, M. Schar & E. Schumacher, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 658(1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Brechignac & Ph. Cahuzac, Z.Physik D, 3, 121(1986).

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Klots,J.Chem.Phys., 83, 5354(1985); Z.Physik D, 5, 83(1897).

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. Delacretaz & L. Wöste, Surf. Sci., 156, 770(1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M.P. Iniguez, J.A. Alonso & L.C. Balbas, Solid State Comm., 57, 85(1986); C. Baladron, M.P. Iniguez & JA. Alonso, ibid. 50, 549(1984).

    Google Scholar 

  22. eg “The Mass Spectra of Organic Molecules” J. Beynon, R. Saunders & A. Williams, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Kappes, A. Vayloyan & E. Schumacher, Z. Physik D, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  24. K. Clemenger, see ref. [7].

    Google Scholar 

  25. eg M. Morse, M. Geusic, R. Heath & R. Smalley, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2293(1985).

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Siekmann, P. Jonk, G. Gantefor, K. Meiwes-Broer & H. Lutz, to be published (private comm.).

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. Muhlbach, E. Recknagel & K. Sattler, Surf. Sei., 106, 188(1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Schulze, J. Chem. Phys., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Kappes, P. Radi, M. Schär & E. Schumacher, Chan. Phys. Lett., 119,11(1985); Ch. Yeretzian, Diploma Thesis, U. of Bern, 1986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F. Hensel, see this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. Scoles, in “Atomic & Molecular Beam Methods”, G. Scoles, Ed., Oxford University Press, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. Leutwyler, T. Heinis, M. Jungen, H.-P. Harri & E. Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys. 76, 4290(1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Guyon & J. Berkowitz, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 1814(1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. R. Leckenby, E. Robbins, P. Trevalion, Proc. Roy. Soc.A, 280,408 (1964); E. Robbins, R. Leckenby & P. Willis, Adv. Phys., 16,739 (1967); P. Foster, R. Leckenby & E. Robbins, J. Phys.B, 2,478(1969).

    Google Scholar 

  35. K. Peterson, P. Dao, R. Farley & A.W. Castleman Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 80,1780(1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Herrmann, L. Wöste & E. Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys. 68,2327(1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Kappes, M. Schar, P. Radi & E.Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys., 84,1863 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Kappes, M. Schar, A. Vayloyan & E. Schumacher, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Smith, J. Am. Inst. Aeronaut. Astronaut., 3,648(1965); D. Wood, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 749(1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Fe: E. Röhl fing, D. Cox, A. Kaldor, K. Johnson, J. Chen. Phys., 81,3846(1984); Hg: A. Hoareau, B. Cabaud, & P. Melinon, Surf. Sei., 106, 195(1981); Pb: Y. Saito, K. Yamauchi, K. Mihama & T. Nöda, Jpn. Appl. Phys., 21, L396(1982).

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Field, H. Stoll, H.-W. Preuss, J. Chen. Phys., 71,3042(1979); J. Martins, J. Buttet, R. Car, Phys. Rev. Lett., 53,655(1984); D.R. Snider, R.S. Sorbello, Surf. Sei., 143,204(1984); J. Koutecky see Chem. Rev. 3,3(1986).

    Google Scholar 

  42. M.Y. Chou, A. Cleland & M. Cohen, Solid State Conn., 52,645(1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. W.D. Knight, W.A. de Heer, W.A. Saunders, K. Clemenger & M. Cohen, Chen. Phys. Lett., 134,1(1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Koutecky, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  45. See ref.35 and A.W. Castleman Jr. and R. Keesee, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 37,525(1986); A.W. Castleman Jr. and R. Keesee, Y.Physik D, 3,167(1986); A.W. Castleman Jr., and R. Keesee, Chem. Rev., 86,584 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schumacher, E., Kappes, M. (1987). Isolated, Bare Metal Clusters: Abundances And Ionization. In: Jortner, J., Pullman, A., Pullman, B. (eds) Large Finite Systems. The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4001-7_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4001-7_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8275-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4001-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics