Abstract
Metal cluster ensembles serve as ingredients for modelling disordered (glassy, liquid) metals. They are also the first manifestations of bonding interactions of metal atoms. Seme of their properties make them new chemical entities which merit research in their own right. Clusters can now be made and studied for all metals as size distributions. There is no agreement yet, what constitutes a reproducibly “correct” size-abundance distribution, nor do we know how to port results from one cluster source to the next. All inferences drawn from dominant species in a mass spectrum must, therefore, be scrutinized for a number of influences before one can draw conclusions about intrinsic properties. This is exemplified with abundances and phototoinization potentials of alkali cluster beams. The scope and experimental applicability of global and detailed theoretical descriptions is discussed and problems to be solved are enumerated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Reviews in Z. Physik D, 3, 86; Chen. Rev. 86, 4, 1986.
See for example Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. Liquid Amorph. Met., Garmisch, August 1986 (in press).
G. Delacretaz, E. Grant, R. Whetten, L. Woste and J. Zwanziger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 2598(1986); M. Broyer, G. Delacretaz, P. Laba- stie, J. Wolf, and L. Wöste, Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, 1851(1981).
E. Rohlfing & J. Valentini, Chen. Phys. Lett., 126, 113(1986).
W. Knight, R. Monot, E. Dietz, and A. George, Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, 1324(1978); M. Hoffmann, Ph.D. thesis U. of Bern, Bern 1981.
D. Cox, D. Trevor, R. Whetten, E. Rohlfing, and A. Kaldor, Phys. Rev. B, 32, 7290(1985); J. Chem. Phys., 84, 4651(1986).
K. Clemenger, Phys. Rev.B, 32, 1359(1985); Ph.D. thesis, U. of California, Berkeley, 1985.
M. Kappes & E. Schumacher, to be published.
S. Davis, K. Klabunde, ChemRev., 82, 152(1982).
A. Kaldor, D. Cox, D. Trevor, and M. Zakin, Z.Phys. D, 3,195(1986).
M. Geusic, M. Morse, and R. Smalley, J. Chan. Phys., 82,590(1985).
S. Richtsmaier, E. Parks, K. Liu, L. Pobo, and S. Riley, J. Chen. Phys., 82, 3659(1985).
M. Kappes & S. Leutwyler, in “Atonic & Molecular Beam Methods”, G. Scoles, Ed., Oxford University Press, in press.
M. Kappes, R. Kunz & E. Schumacher. Phys, Lett., 91, 413(1982).
W. Knight, K. Clemenger, W. de Heer, W. Saunders, M. Chou, and M.Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 2141(1984).
O. Hagena and W. Obert, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 1793(1972).
M. Kappes, M. Schar & E. Schumacher, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 658(1987).
C. Brechignac & Ph. Cahuzac, Z.Physik D, 3, 121(1986).
C. Klots,J.Chem.Phys., 83, 5354(1985); Z.Physik D, 5, 83(1897).
G. Delacretaz & L. Wöste, Surf. Sci., 156, 770(1985).
M.P. Iniguez, J.A. Alonso & L.C. Balbas, Solid State Comm., 57, 85(1986); C. Baladron, M.P. Iniguez & JA. Alonso, ibid. 50, 549(1984).
eg “The Mass Spectra of Organic Molecules” J. Beynon, R. Saunders & A. Williams, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968.
M. Kappes, A. Vayloyan & E. Schumacher, Z. Physik D, in press.
K. Clemenger, see ref. [7].
eg M. Morse, M. Geusic, R. Heath & R. Smalley, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2293(1985).
H. Siekmann, P. Jonk, G. Gantefor, K. Meiwes-Broer & H. Lutz, to be published (private comm.).
J. Muhlbach, E. Recknagel & K. Sattler, Surf. Sei., 106, 188(1981).
W. Schulze, J. Chem. Phys., in press.
M. Kappes, P. Radi, M. Schär & E. Schumacher, Chan. Phys. Lett., 119,11(1985); Ch. Yeretzian, Diploma Thesis, U. of Bern, 1986.
F. Hensel, see this volume.
G. Scoles, in “Atomic & Molecular Beam Methods”, G. Scoles, Ed., Oxford University Press, in press.
S. Leutwyler, T. Heinis, M. Jungen, H.-P. Harri & E. Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys. 76, 4290(1982).
P. Guyon & J. Berkowitz, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 1814(1972).
R. Leckenby, E. Robbins, P. Trevalion, Proc. Roy. Soc.A, 280,408 (1964); E. Robbins, R. Leckenby & P. Willis, Adv. Phys., 16,739 (1967); P. Foster, R. Leckenby & E. Robbins, J. Phys.B, 2,478(1969).
K. Peterson, P. Dao, R. Farley & A.W. Castleman Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 80,1780(1984).
A. Herrmann, L. Wöste & E. Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys. 68,2327(1978).
M. Kappes, M. Schar, P. Radi & E.Schumacher, J. Chem. Phys., 84,1863 (1986).
M. Kappes, M. Schar, A. Vayloyan & E. Schumacher, to be published.
J. Smith, J. Am. Inst. Aeronaut. Astronaut., 3,648(1965); D. Wood, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 749(1981).
Fe: E. Röhl fing, D. Cox, A. Kaldor, K. Johnson, J. Chen. Phys., 81,3846(1984); Hg: A. Hoareau, B. Cabaud, & P. Melinon, Surf. Sei., 106, 195(1981); Pb: Y. Saito, K. Yamauchi, K. Mihama & T. Nöda, Jpn. Appl. Phys., 21, L396(1982).
J. Field, H. Stoll, H.-W. Preuss, J. Chen. Phys., 71,3042(1979); J. Martins, J. Buttet, R. Car, Phys. Rev. Lett., 53,655(1984); D.R. Snider, R.S. Sorbello, Surf. Sei., 143,204(1984); J. Koutecky see Chem. Rev. 3,3(1986).
M.Y. Chou, A. Cleland & M. Cohen, Solid State Conn., 52,645(1984).
W.D. Knight, W.A. de Heer, W.A. Saunders, K. Clemenger & M. Cohen, Chen. Phys. Lett., 134,1(1987).
J. Koutecky, this volume.
See ref.35 and A.W. Castleman Jr. and R. Keesee, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 37,525(1986); A.W. Castleman Jr. and R. Keesee, Y.Physik D, 3,167(1986); A.W. Castleman Jr., and R. Keesee, Chem. Rev., 86,584 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schumacher, E., Kappes, M. (1987). Isolated, Bare Metal Clusters: Abundances And Ionization. In: Jortner, J., Pullman, A., Pullman, B. (eds) Large Finite Systems. The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4001-7_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4001-7_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8275-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4001-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive