Abstract
Understanding the properties of the cornea that are essential to vision—its structural stability and transparency—is a long-standing endeavor that continues to intrigue a variety of researchers ranging from ophthalmologists to physicists.1–12 The transparency of a normal cornea results directly from the fact that the cornea does not absorb visible light, and the light that it scatters is minimal. The small amount of scattered light, however, carries information about the internal structural elements from which the light is scattered. Therefore measurements of this scattered light can be used to probe structures in fresh (unfixed) corneal tissue.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Maurice DM. The structure and transparency of the corneal stroma. J Physiol (Lond) 1957;136:263–286.
Payrau P, Pouliquen Y, Faure J-P, Offret G. La Transparence de la Cornée, les Mécanismes de ses Altérations. Masson & Cie, Paris, 1967.
Hart RW, Farrell RA. Light scattering in the cornea. J Opt Soc Am 1969;59:766–774.
Smith JW. The transparency of the corneal stroma. Vis Res 1969;9:393–396.
Cox JL, Farrel RA, Hart RW, et al. The transparency of the mammalian cornea. J Physiol (Lond) 1970;210:601–616.
Feuk T. On the tansparency of the stroma in the mammaliam cornea. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1970;BME-17:186–190.
Benedek GB. The theory of transparency of the eye. Appl Optics 1971;10:459–473.
Miller D, Benedek GB. Intraocular Light Scattering, Theory and Clinical Application. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1973.
Twersky V. Transparency of pair-related, random distributions of small scatterers, with applications to the cornea. J Opt Soc Am 1975;65:524–530.
Farrell RA. McCally, RL. On corneal transparency and its loss with swelling. J Opt Soc Am 1975;66:342–345.
Maurice DM. The cornea and sclera. In Davson H (ed): The Eye Vol. lb. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1984, pp. 1–158.
McCally RL, Farrell RA. Interaction of light and the cornea: light scattering versus transparency. In Cavanagh HD (ed): The Cornea. Transactions of the World Congress on the Cornea III. Raven Press, New York, 1988, pp. 165–171.
Goldman JN, Benedek GB, Dohlman CH. Structural alterations affecting transparency in swollen human corneas. Invest Ophthalmol 1968;7:501–519.
Freund DE, McCally RL, Farrell RA. Effects of fibril orientations on light scattering in the cornea. J Opt Soc Am [A] 1986;3:1970–1982.
Van de Hulst HC. Light Scattering by Small Particles. Dover Publications, New York, 1981, pp. 304–306.
Farrell RA, McCally RL, Tatham, PER. Wavelength dependencies of light scattering in normal and cold swollen rabbit corneas and their structural implications. J Physiol (Lond) 1973;233:589–612.
Helfand E, Frisch HL, Lebowitz JL, Theory of the two- and one-dimensional rigid sphere fluids. J Chem Pys 1961;34:1037–1042.
Craig SA, Perry DAD. Collagen fibrils of the vertebrate corneal stroma. J Ultrastruct Res 1981;74:232–239.
Kanai A, Kaufman HE. Electron micrographic studies of swollen cornea stroma. Ann Ophthalmol 1973;5:285–287.
Gallager B, Maurice DM. Striations of light scattering in the corneal stroma. J Ultrastruct Res 1977;61:100–114.
McCally RL, Farrell RA. The depth dependence of light scattering from the normal rabbit cornea. Exp Eye Res 1976;23:69–81.
McCally RL, Farrell RA. Effect of transcorneal pressure on small-angle light scattering from rabbit cornea. Polymer 1977;18:444–448.
McCally RL, Farrell RA. Structural implications of small-angle light scattering from cornea. Exp Eye Res 1982;34:99–111.
Lindström, JI, Feuk T, Tengroth B. The distribution of light scattered from the rabbit cornea. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1973;51:656–669.
Maurice DM. A scanning slit optical microscope. Invest Ophthalmol 1974;13:1033–1037.
Farrell RA, McCally RL. On the interpretation of depth dependent light scattering measurements in normal rabbit corneas. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1976;54:261–270.
Feuk T. The wavelength dependence of scattered light intensity in rabbit corneas. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1971;BME-18:92–96.
Goodfellow JM, Elliott GF, Woolgar AE. X-ray diffraction studies of the corneal stroma. J Mol Biol 1978;199:237–252.
Sayers Z, Koch MHJ, Whitburn SB, et al. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of corneal stroma. J Mol Biol 1982;160:593–607.
Elliott GF, Sayers Z, Timmons PA. Neutron diffraction studies of the corneal stroma. J Mol Biol 1982;155:389–393.
Stein RS. Optical methods of characterizing high polymers. In Bacon KE (ed): Newer Methods of Polymer Characterization. Interscience, New York, 1964, pp. 155–206.
Chein JCW. Solid state characterization of the structure and properties of collagen. J Macromol Sci Rev Macromol Chem 1975;C-12:1–80.
Kikkawa Y. Diffraction spectra produced by the rabbit cornea. Jpn J Physiol 1958;8:138–147.
Bettelheim FA, Kaplan D. Small angle light scattering of bovine cornea as affected by birefringence. Biochim Biophys Acta 1973;313:268–276.
Bettelheim FA, Kumbar M. An interpretation small-angle light scattering patterns of human cornea. Invest Ophthalmol 1977;16:233–236.
Bettelheim FA, Magrill R. Small angle light scattering patterns of corneas of different species. Invest Ophthalmol 1977;16:236–240.
Chang EP, Keedy DA, Chein JCW. Ultrastructure of rabbit corneal stroma: mapping of optical and morphological anisotropics. Biochim Biophys Acta 1974;343:615–626.
Maurice DM. The transparency of the corneal stroma. Vis Res 1970;10:107–108.
Andreo RH, Farrell RA. Corneal small-angle light scattering patterns: wavy fibril models. J Opt Soc Am 1982;72:1479–1492.
Stanworth A, Naylor EJ. The polarization optics of the isolated cornea. Br J Ophthalmol 1950;34:201–211.
Stanworth A, Naylor EJ. Polarized light studies of the cornea. I. The isolated cornea. J Exp Biol 1953;30:160–163.
Stanworth A, Naylor EJ. Polarized light studies of the cornea. II. The effect of intra-ocular pressure. J Exp Biol 1953;30:164–169.
Naylor EJ. Polarized light studies of corneal structure. Br J Ophthalmol 1953;37:77–84.
Mishima S. The use of polarized light biomicroscopy of the eye, report I. Adv Ophthalmol 1960;10:1–20.
Post D, Gurland JE. Birefringence of the cat cornea. Exp Eye Res 1966;5:286–295.
Kaplan D, Bettelheim FA. On the birefringence of bovine cornea. Exp Eye Res 1972;13:219–226.
Meek KM, Blamires T, Elliott GF, et al. The organization of collagen fibrils in human corneal stroma: a synchrotron x-ray diffraction study. Curr Eye Res 1987;6:841–846.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McCally, R.L., Farrell, R.A. (1990). Light Scattering from Cornea and Corneal Transparency. In: Masters, B.R. (eds) Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8896-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8896-8_12
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8898-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8896-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive