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Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: A Swedish prospective cohort study

  • Published:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

Abstract

Objective

To determine whether self-reported sickness presence (SP) and self-reported sickness absence (SA) are specific risk factors for future health problems or reduced work ability in the active workforce.

Materials and Methods

The study population consisted of a cohort based on a random sample (n = 2181) with data for 2004, 2005, and 2006. The subjects were employees aged from 25 to 50 years in 2004. Cross-tabulations were calculated to identify significant background factors (sex, age, education, socioeconomic position), work factors (work demands, control, adjustment latitude), and outcome factors. Block-wise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for outcome factors (SP, SA, self-rated health, physical complaints, work ability, mental well-being).

Results

SA and SP were found to have negative health consequences; this was particularly pronounced for those with frequent SP or SA. There was a dose-response relationship between the degree of SA, SP and the different health outcomes. The health risks remained, after control for background factors, prior working conditions and initial health. SP also appeared to lead to SA, whereas SA did not have a significant impact on future SP.

Conclusions

The results suggest that both SP and SA are strong predictors of future poor health, physical complaints, low mental well-being and low work ability. The detrimental influence of frequent SP was most pronounced in relation to work ability and physical complaints, although all of the measured health factors were affected. The negative effects of SA on the different health outcomes were similar.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Klas Gustafsson & Staffan Marklund

  2. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden

    Klas Gustafsson

Authors
  1. Klas Gustafsson
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  2. Staffan Marklund
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klas Gustafsson.

Additional information

This study was funded by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research.

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Gustafsson, K., Marklund, S. Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: A Swedish prospective cohort study. IJOMEH 24, 153–165 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-011-0013-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-011-0013-3

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