Abstract
The purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to provide a complete self-contained exposition of estimating life tables with covariates through the use of hazards models, and (b) to illustrate this technique with a substan-tive analysis of child mortality in Sri Lanka, thereby demonstrating that World Fertility Survey data are a valuable source for the study of child mortality. We show that life tables with covariates can be easily estimated with standard computer packages designed for analysis of contingency tables. The substantive analysis confirms and supplements an earlier study of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka by Meegama. Those factors found to be strongly associated with mortality are mother’s and father’s education, time period of birth, urban/rural/estate residence, ethnicity, sex, birth order, age of the mother at the birth, and type of toilet facility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, R. J. and J. A. Neider. 1978. The GLIM System Manual, Release 3. London: Numerical Algorithms Group.
Behm, Hugo, et al. 1976-1979. La Mortalidad en los Primeros Años de Vida en Países de la America Latina, Country Volumes. San José, Costa Rica: Centra Latinamérico de Demograffa.
Bishop, Yvonne, Stephen Fienberg, and Paul Holland. 1975. Discrete Multivariate Analysis. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Bourgeois-Pichat, Jean. 1951. La Mesure de la Mortalité Infantile. I. Principles et Methodes. Population 6:233–248.
Breslow, N. E. 1974. Covariance Analysis of Censored Survival Data. Biometrics 30:89–99.
Caldwell, J. C. 1979. Education as a Factor in Mortality Decline: An Examination of Nigerian Data. Population Studies 33:395–413.
Cochrane, Susan H. 1980. The Effects of Education on Health. World Bank Working Paper, No. 405. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
Cox, D. R. 1972. Regression Models and Life Tables (with Discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34(2): 187–220.
Flinn, C. J. and J. J. Heckman. 1981. Models for the Analysis of Labor Force Dynamics. Advances in Econometrics 1:35–95.
Frenzen, Paul and Dennis Hogan. 1982. The Impact of Class, Education, and Health Care on Infant Mortality in a Developing Society: The Case of Thailand. Demography 19:391–408.
Gortmaker, Steven. 1979. Poverty and Infant Mortality in the United States. American Sociological Review 44:280–297.
Gwatkin, Davidson. 1980. Indicators of Change in Developing Country Mortality Trends: The End of an Era? Population and Development Review 6:615–644.
Heckman, James and Burton Singer. 1982. Population Heterogeneity in Demographic Models. Pp. 567–599 in Kenneth Land and Andrei Rogers (eds.), Multidimensional Mathematical Demography. New York: Academic Press.
Hobcraft, John, John McDonald, and Shea Rutstein. 1982. Socio-economic Factors in Infant and Child Mortality: Cross-National Comparisons. Paper presented at the 1982 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, San Diego.
Holford, T. R. 1976. Life Tables with Concomitant Information. Biometrics 32:587–597.
—. 1980. The Analysis of Rates and Survivorship Using Log-Linear Models. Biometrics 36:299–305.
Holt, D., A. J. Scott, and P. D. Ewings. 1980. Chisquared Tests with Survey Data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 143(3):303–320.
Kalbfleisch, John and Ross Prentice. 1980. The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data. New York: John Wiley.
Kay, R. 1977. Proportional Hazard Regression Models and the Analysis of Censored Survival Data. Applied Statistics 26:227–237.
Laird, Nan and Donald Olivier. 1981. Covariance Analysis of Censored Survival Data Using Log-Linear Analysis Techniques. Journal of the American Statistical Association 76:231–240.
Manton, Kenneth, Eric Stallard, and James Vaupel. 1981. Methods for Comparing the Mortality Experience of Heterogeneous Populations. Demography 18:389–410.
Martin, Linda, James Trussell, Florentina Salvail, and Nasra Shah. 1982. Covariates of Child Mortality in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis. Population Studies (in press).
Meegama, S. A. 1980. Socio-Economic Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Sri Lanka: An Analysis of Post-War Experience. Scientific Reports #8. London: World Fertility Survey.
Menken, Jane, James Trussell, Debra Stempel, and Ozer Babakol. 1981. Proportional Hazards Life Table Models: An Illustrative Analysis of Socio-Demographic Influences on Marriage Dissolution in the United States. Demography 18:181–200.
Mood, Alexander, Franklin Graybill, and Duane Boes. 1974. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, Third Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
Nortman, Dorothy. 1974. Parental Age as a Factor in Pregnancy Outcome and Child Development. Reports on Population/Family Planning, No. 16. New York: Population Council.
Olivier, Donald and Raymond Neff. 1976. LOG-LIN 1.0: User’s Guide. Available from the Health Science Computing Facility, Harvard School of Public Health.
Preston, Samuel. 1976. Mortality Patterns in National Populations. New York: Academic Press.
—. 1978. Mortality, Morbidity, and Development. Population Bulletin of the United Nations Economic Commission for Western Asia 15:63-75.
Puffer, Ruth Rice and Carlos V. Serrano. 1973. Patterns of Mortality in Childhood: Report of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood. Washington, D.C: Pan American Health Organization.
Rao, J. N. K. and A. J. Scott. 1981. The Analysis of Categorical Data from Complex Sample Surveys: Chi-Squared Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence in Two-Way Tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 76:221–230.
Rindfuss, Ron, Larry Bumpass, and Jay Palmore.1982. Childspacing Practices in Asia: Similarities and Differences. Unpublished manuscript.
Schirm, Alan, James Trussell, Jane Menken, and William Grady. 1982. Contraceptive Failure in the United States: The Impact of Social, Economic and Demographic Factors. Family Planning Perspectives 14:68–76.
Trussell, James and Samuel Preston. 1982. Estimating the Covariates of Childhood Mortality. Health Policy and Education 3:1–36.
Tuma, N. B., M. T. Hannan, and L. P. Groeneveld. 1979. Dynamic Analysis of Event Histories. American Journal of Sociology 84:820–854.
Vanderhoeft, Camille. 1982. Accelerated Failure Time Models: An Application to Current Status Breast-feeding Data from Pakistan. Unpublished manuscript.
Vaupel, James, Kenneth Manton, and Eric Stallard. 1979. The Impact of Heterogeneity in Individual Frailty on the Dynamics of Mortality. Demography 16:439–454.
Verma, Vijay, Christopher Scott, and Colm O’Muircheartaigh. 1980. Sample Designs and Sampling Errors for the World Fertility Survey. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 143(4):431–473.
Wolfers, David and Susan Scrimshaw. 1975. Child Survival and Intervals Between Pregnancies in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Population Studies 29:479–496.
World Fertility Survey. 1978. Sri Lanka, First Report. London: World Fertility Survey.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trussell, J., Hammerslough, C. A hazards-Model analysis of the covariates of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka. Demography 20, 1–26 (1983). https://doi.org/10.2307/2060898
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060898