Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pharmacological Approaches to the Prevention of Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty

  • Review Article
  • Drug Therapy
  • Published:
Drugs & Aging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Restenosis in the months following a successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) remains the main limitation to this technique for myocardial revascularisation. Despite intensive investigation in this area, no pharmacological therapy has yet been found to be useful in preventing restenosis after conventional balloon angioplasty. The occurrence of restenosis, which is now known to be caused by both vessel remodelling and neointimal hyperplasia, might be reduced in the future by a combined mechanical and pharmacological approach.

Although systemic administration of ‘antirestenosis’ drugs has not yet been tested to prevent restenosis after coronary stenting, it is very likely that pharmacological inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia within coronary stents will take advantage of local delivery techniques. In addition to local drug delivery catheters that are available, the stent itself may be coated with polymers and serve as a platform for drug delivery. The continued attractiveness of PTCA, as an alternative to medical treatment or bypass surgery for patients with coronary artery disease, will depend upon our ability to control the restenotic process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bauters C, Lablanche J-M, McFadden EP, et al. Clinical characteristics and angiographic follow-up of patients undergoing early and late repeat dilation for a first restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 845–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamon M, Bauters C, McFadden EP, et al. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Eur Heart J 1995; 116Suppl. 1: 33–48

    Google Scholar 

  3. Herrman J-PR, Hermans WRM, Vos J, et al. Pharmacological approaches to the prevention of restenosis following angioplasty: the search for the holy grail? (part I). Drugs 1993; 46: 18–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Franklin SM, Faxon DP. Pharmacologic prevention of restenosis following angioplasty; review of the randomized clinical trials. Coron Artery Dis 1993; 4: 232–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schwartz SM, deBlois D, O’Brien ERM. The intima — soil for atherosclerosis and restenosis. Circ Res 1995; 77: 445–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bauters C, De Groote P, Adamantidis M, et al. Proto-oncogene expression in rabbit aorta after wall injury: first marker of the cellular process leading to restenosis after angioplasty? Eur Heart J 1992; 13: 556–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hamon M, Bauters C, Wernert N, et al. Heparin does not inhibit oncogene induction in rabbit aorta following balloon denudation. Cardiovasc Res 1993; 27: 1209–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Miano JM, Viasic N, Tota RR, et al. Localisation of fos and jun proteins in rat aortic smooth muscle cells after vascular injury. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 715–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pardee AB. G1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 1989; 246: 603–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Reed JC, Alpers JD, Nowell PC, et al. Sequential expression of protooncogenes during lectin-stimulated mitogenesis of normal human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83: 3982–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Thyberg J, Hedin U, Sjolund M, et al. Regulation of differentiated properties and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 966–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schwartz SM, Campbell CR, Campbell JH. Replication of smooth muscle cells in vascular disease. Circ Res 1986; 58: 427–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Clowes AW, Reidy MA, Clowes MM. Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury: I. smooth muscle growth in the absence of endothelium. Lab Invest 1983; 49: 327–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rubbia L, Gabbiani G. The cytoskeleton of arterial smooth muscle cells during development, atheromatosis and tissue culture. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 14Suppl. 6: S9–S11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Boyd CD, Kniep AC, Pierce RA, et al. Increased elastin mRNA levels associated with surgically induced intimai injury. Connect Tissue Res 1988; 18: 65–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bauters C, Marotte F, Hamon M, et al. Accumulation of fetal fibronectin mRNAs after balloon denudation of rabbit arteries. Circulation 1995; 92: 904–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schwartz RS, Holmes DR, Topol EJ. The restenosis paradigm revisited: an alternative proposal for cellular mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 1284–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Clowes AW, Clowes MM, Kocher O, et al. Arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo: relationship between actin isoform expression and mitogenesis and their modulation by heparin. J Cell Biol 1988; 107: 1939–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl JMed 1987; 316: 1371–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Post MJ, Borst C, Kuntz RE. The relative importance of arterial remodeling compared with intimai hyperplasia in lumen renarrowing after balloon angioplasty: a study in the normal rabbit and in the hypercholesterolemic Yucatan micropig. Circulation 1994; 89: 2816–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kakuta T, Currier JW, Haudenschild CC, et al. Differences in compensatory vessel enlargement, not intimai formation, account for restenosis after angioplasty in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit model. Circulation 1994; 89: 2809–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lafont A, Guzman LA, Whitlow PL, et al. Restenosis after experimental angioplasty: intimai, medial, and adventitial changes associated with constrictive remodeling. Circ Res 1995; 76: 996–1002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Austin GE, Norman NB, Hollman J, et al. Intimai proliferation of smooth muscle cells as an explanation for recurrent coronary artery stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 6: 369–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Johnson DE, Hinohara T, Selmon MR, et al. Primary peripheral arterial stenoses and restenoses excised by transluminal atherectomy: a histopathologic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 419–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ueda M, Becker AK, Tsukada T, et al. Fibrocellular tissue response after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: an histochemical analysis of the cellular composition. Circulation 1991; 83: 1327–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mintz GS, Popma JJ, Pichard AD, et al. Arterial remodeling after coronary angioplasty: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1996; 94: 35–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hoffmann R, Mintz GS, Dussaillant GR, et al. Patterns and mechanisms of in-stent restenosis: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1996; 94: 1247–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, et al. A comparison of balloon expandable stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 489–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 496–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schwartz L, Bourassa MG, Lesperance J, et al. Aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1714–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. White CW, Knuddson M, Schmidt D, et al. Neither ticlopidine nor aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevents of restenosis post-PTCA: results from a randomized placebo-controlled multi-center trial [abstract]. Circulation 1987; 76Suppl. 4: 213

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kadel C, Vailbracht C, Weidmann B, et al. Aspirin and restenosis after successful PTCA: comparison of 1400mg vs 350mg daily in a double blind study [abstract]. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 Suppl.: 368

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bertrand ME, Alain H, Lablanche JM. Results of a randomized trial of ticlopidine versus placebo for the prevention of acute closure and restenosis after coronary angioplasty: the TACT study [abstract]. Circulation 1990; 82Suppl. 2: 190

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kitazume H, Kubo I, Iwama T, et al. Combined use of aspirin ticlopidine and nicorandil prevented restenosis after coronary angioplasty [abstract]. Circulation 1988; 78Suppl. 2: 633

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pepine CJ, Hirshfeld JW, MacDonald RG, et al. A controlled trial of corticosteroids to prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1990: 81: 1753–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. O’Keefe JH, McCallister BD, Bateman LV, et al. Ineffectiveness of colchicine for the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 1597–600

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Emanuelsson H, Beatt KJ, Bagger JP, et al. Long term effects of angiopeptin treatment in coronary angioplasty: reduction of clinical events but not angiographic restenosis. Circulation 1995; 91: 1689–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. von Essen R, Ostermaier R, Grube E, et al. Effects of octreotide treatment on restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Results of the VERAS study. Circulation 1997; 96: 1482–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Maresta A, Balducelli M, Cantini L, et al. Trapidil, a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist reduces restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: results of the randomized double blind STARC study. Circulation 1994; 90: 2710–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. The MERCATOR study group. Does the new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril prevent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty? The results of the MERCATOR study: a multi-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 1992; 86: 100–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Desmet W, Vrolix M, De Ssheerder L, et al. Angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibition with fosinopril sodium in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1994; 89: 385–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Faxon DP, on behalf of the MARCATOR investigators. Effect of high dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on restenosis: final results of the MARCATOR study, a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cilazapril. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 362–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Serruys PW, Herrman JP, Simon R, et al. A comparison of hirudin with heparin in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. For the HELVETICA Investigators. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 757–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Faxon D, Spiro T, Minor S, et al. Low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty: results of enoxaparin restenosis (ERA) trial. Circulation 1994; 90: 908–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lablanche JM, McFadden EP, Meneveau N, et al. Effect of Nadroparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, on clinical and angiographic restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. The FACT study. Circulation 1997; 96: 3396–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Weintraub WS, Bocuzzi SJ, Klein JL, et al. Lack of effect of lovastatin on restenosis after coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1331–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bertrand ME, McFadden EP, Fruchart J-C, et al. Effect of pravastatin on angiographie restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 863–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tardif J-C, Côté G, Lespérance J, et al. Probucol and multivitamins in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 365–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yokoi H, Daida H, Kuwabara Y, et al. Effectiveness of an anti-oxidant in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: the probucol angioplasty restenosis trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 855–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Grigg LE, Kay TWH, Valentine PA, et al. Determinants of restenosis and lack of effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid on the incidence of coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13: 665–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bairati L, Roy L, Meyer F. Double-blind randomized controlled trial of fish oil supplements in prevention of the recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1992; 85: 950–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Franzen D, Schannwell M, Oette K, et al. A prospective, randomized, and double blind trial on the effect of fish oil on the incidence of restenosis following PTCA. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1993; 28: 301–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Leaf A, Jorgensen MB, Jacobs AK, et al. Do fish oils prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty? Circulation 1994; 90: 2248–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Feldman RL, Bengston JR, Pryor DB, et al. The GRASP study Group. Use of thromboxane A2 receptor blocker to reduce adverse clinical events after coronary angioplasty [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 259

    Google Scholar 

  55. Savage MP, Goldberg S, Bove AA, et al. Effect of thromboxane A2 blockade on clinical outcome and restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty; multi-hospital eastern atlantic restenosis trial (M-Heart). Circulation 1995; 92: 3194–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Knudtson ML, Flintoft VF, Roth DL, et al. Effect of short-term prostacyclin administration on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 691–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gershlick AH, Timmis AD, Tothman MT, et al. Post-angioplasty prostacyclin infusion does not reduce the incidence of restenosis [abstract]. Circulation 1990; 82Suppl. 2: 497

    Google Scholar 

  58. Raizner AE, Hollman J, Demke D, et al. Beneficial effects of ciprostene in PTCA: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial [abstract]. Circulation 1988; 78Suppl. 2: 290

    Google Scholar 

  59. O’Keefe JH, Giorgi LV, Hartzler GO, et al. Effects of diltiazem on complications and restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 373–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Whitworth HB, Roubin OS, Hoilman J, et al. Effect of nifedipine on recurrent stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 1271–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Unverdorben M, Kundel B, Leucht M, et al. Reduction of restenosis after PTCA by diltiazem [abstract]. Circulation 1992; 86Suppl. 1: 53

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hoberg E, Dietz R, Frees U, et al. Verapamil treatment after coronary angioplasty in patients at high risk of recurrent stenosis. Br Heart J 1994; 71: 254–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Serruys PW, Klein W, Tijssen JPG, et al. Evaluation of ketanserin in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a multi-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 1993; 88: 1588–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lablanche JM, Grollier G, Lusson J, et al. Effect of the direct nitric oxide donors linsidomine and molsidomine on angiographie restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. The ACCORD study: angioplastic coronaire corvasal diltiazem. Circulation 1997; 95: 83–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Bauters C, Hamon M, Van Belle E, et al. Resténose après angioplastie coronaire: apport des modèles epérimentaux. Arch Mal Cœur Vaiss 1993; 86: 47–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Fingerle J, Johnson R, Clowes AW, et al. Role of platelets in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration after vascular injury in rat carotid artery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86: 8412–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Goldberb ID, Stemerman MB. Vascular permeation of platelet factor 4 after endothelial injury. Science 1980; 209: 611–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Friedman RJ, Stemerman MB, Wenz B, et al. The effect of thrombocytopenia on experimental arteriosclerotic lesion formation in rabbits. J Clin Invest 1977; 60: 1191–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Faxon DP, Sanborn TA, Haudenschild CC, et al. Effect of anti-platelet therapy on restenosis after experimental angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 72C–6C

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Serruys PW, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx GR, et al. Prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with thromboxane A2 receptor blockade: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial (CARPORT study). Circulation 1991; 84: 1568–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Topol EJ, Califf RM, Weisman HF, et al. Randomized trial of coronary intervention against platelet IIb/IIIa integrin for reduction of clinical restenosis: results at six months. Lancet 1994; 343: 881–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Majesky MW, Schwartz SM, Clowes MM, et al. Heparin regulates smooth muscle S phase entry in the injured rat carotid artery. Circ Res 1987; 61: 296–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Clowes AW, Clowes MM. Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury: II. inhibition of smooth muscle growth by heparin. Lab Invest 1985; 52: 611–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ellis SG, Roubin GS, Wilentz J, et al. Effect of 18–24 hour heparin administration for prevention of restenosis after uncomplicated coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J 1989; 117: 777–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Sarembock IJ, Gertz SD, Gimple LW, et al. Effectiveness of recombinant desulphatohirudin in reducing restenosis after balloon angioplasty of atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits. Circulation 1991; 84: 232–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Daemen MJAP, Lombardi DM, Bosnian FT, et al. Angiotensin II induces smooth muscle cell proliferation in the normal and injured rat arterial wall. Circ Res 1991; 68: 450–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Powel JS, Clozel JP, Muller RKM, et al. Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 1989; 245: 186–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, et al. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1343–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Costerousse O, Allegrini J, Lopez M, et al. Angiotensinconverting enzyme in human circulating mononuclear cells: genetic polymorphism of expression in T lymphocytes. Biochem J 1993; 290: 33–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hamon M, Bauters C, Amant C, et al. Relation between the deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and late luminal narrowing after coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1995; 92: 296–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Hamon M, Amant C, Bauters C, et al. ACE polymorphism, a genetic predictor of occlusion after coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 679–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Amant C, Bauters C, Bodart J-C, et al. D allele of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme is a major risk factor for restenosis after coronary stenting. Circulation 1997; 96: 56–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Leaf A, Weber PC. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 1990; 318: 549–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Dehmer GJ, Popma JJ, Van Den Berg EK, et al. Reduction in the rate of early restenosis after coronary angioplasty by a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 733–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Reis GJ, Boucher TM, Sipperly ME, et al. Randomized trial of fish oil for prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Lancet 1989; II: 177–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Gellman J, Ezekowitz MD, Sarembock IJ, et al. Effect of lovastatin on intimai hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty: a study in an atherosclerotic hypercholesterolemic rabbit. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 251–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Liu MW, Roubin GS, Robinson KA, et al. Trapidil in preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty in the atherosclerotic rabbit. Circulation 1990; 81: 1089–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Lundergan C, Foegh ML, Vargas R. Inhibition of myointimal proliferation of the rat carotid artery by the peptides angiopeptin and BIM 23034. Atherosclerosis 1989; 80: 49–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lundergan CF, Foegh ML, Ramwell PW. Peptide inhibition of myointimal proliferation by angiopeptin, a somatostatin analogue. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17 Suppl.: 132B–6B

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Bauters C, Van Belle E, Wernert N, et al. Angiopeptin inhibits oncogene induction in rabbit aorta after balloon denudation. Circulation 1994; 89: 2327–31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kent KM, Williams DO, Cassagneau B, et al. Double blind, controlled trial of the effect of angiopeptin on coronary restenosis following balloon angioplasty [abstract]. Circulation 1993; 88Suppl. 1: 506

    Google Scholar 

  92. Garg UC, Hassid A. Nitric oxide-generating vasodilatators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1774–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Cooke JP, Singer AH, Tsao P, et al. Antiatherogenic effects of L-arginine in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 1168–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Hamon M, Vallet B, Bauters C, et al. Long term oral administration of L-arginine reduces intimai thickening and enhances neoendothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation after arterial injury. Circulation 1994; 90: 1357–62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Schwartz RS, Huber KC, Murphy JG, et al. Restenosis and the proportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury: results in a porcine model. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 267–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Santoian EC, Schneider JE, Gravanis MB, et al. Angiopeptin inhibits intimai hyperplasia after angioplasty in porcine coronary arteries. Circulation 1993; 88: 11–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Wolinsky H, Thung SN. Use of a perforated balloon catheter to deliver concentrated heparin into the wall of the normal canine artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 475–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wilensky RL, March KL, Hathaway DR. Direct intraarterial wall injection of microparticles via a catheter: a potential drug delivery strategy following angioplasty. Am Heart J 1991; 122: 1136–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Serruys PW, Emanuelsson H, van der Giessen W, et al. Heparin-coated Palmaz-Schatz stents in human coronary arteries: early outcome of the Benestent-II pilot study. Circulation 1996; 93: 412–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Condado JA, Waksman R, Gurdiel O, et al. Long-term angiographic and clinical outcome after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intracoronary radiation therapy in humans. Circulation 1997; 96: 727–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Côte de Nacre, France

    Martial Hamon, Emmanuel Lécluse, Gilles Grollier & Jean-Claude Potier

  2. Centre Hospitalier de Mulhouse, Mulhouse, France

    Jean-Pierre Monassier

Authors
  1. Martial Hamon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emmanuel Lécluse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jean-Pierre Monassier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gilles Grollier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jean-Claude Potier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martial Hamon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hamon, M., Lécluse, E., Monassier, JP. et al. Pharmacological Approaches to the Prevention of Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty. Drugs & Aging 13, 291–301 (1998). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199813040-00005

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199813040-00005

Keywords

Search

Navigation