References
Ribas A. Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2517–9.
Zhang Y, Kang S, Shen J, et al. Prognostic significance of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in epithelial-originated cancer: a meta-analysis. Medicine. 2015;94:e515.
Fukumoto K, Kikuchi E, Mikami S, et al. The clinical role of programmed cell death-1 expression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurring after initial bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25:2484–91.
Nieder AM, Brausi M, Lamm D, O’Donnell M, Tomita K, Woo H, Jewett MA. Management of stage T1 tumors of the bladder: International Consensus Panel. Urology. 2005;66:108–25.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Disclosures
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Additional information
ASO Author Reflections is a brief invited commentary on the article “The Clinical Role of Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression in Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Recurring after Initial Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Therapy”, Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25:2484–91.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fukumoto, K., Kikuchi, E. ASO Author Reflections: PD-1 Expression in Bacillus Calmette–Guérin-Relapsing Bladder Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 25 (Suppl 3), 982–983 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6949-9
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6949-9