Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of polymer level and type of some hydrophobic polymers, including hydrogenated castor oil (HCO); Eudragit RS100 (E-RS100); Eudragit L100 (E-L100), and some fillers namely mannitol [soluble filler], Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (Emcompress) and anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate [insoluble fillers] on the release rate and mechanism of baclofen from matrix tablets prepared by a hot-melt granulation process (wax tablets) and wet granulation process (E-RS100 and E-L100 tablets). Statistically significant differences were found among the drug release profile from different classes of polymeric matrices. Higher polymeric content (40%) in the matrix decreased the release rate of drug because of increased tortuosity and decreased porosity. At lower polymeric level (20%), the rate and extent of drug release was elevated. HCO was found to cause the strongest retardation of drug. On the other hand, replacement of Emcompress or anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate for mannitol significantly retarded the release rate of baclofen, except for E-L100 (pH-dependent polymer). Emcompress surface alkalinity and in-situ increase in pH of the matrix microenvironment enhanced the dissolution and erosion of these matrix tablets. The release kinetics was found to be governed by the type and content of the excipients (polymer or filler). The prepared tablets showed no significant change in drug release rate when stored at ambient room conditions for 6 months.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
H. Abdelkader, O. Y. Abdalla, and H. Salem. Formulation of controlled-release baclofen matrix tablets: influence of some hydrophilic polymers on the release rate and in vitro evaluation. AAPS Pharm. Sc. iTech. 8(4):E100 (2007).
H. O. Ammar, and R. M. Khalil. Preparation and evaluation of sustained-release solid dispersions of drugs with Eudragit polymers. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 23:1043–1054 (1997).
M. S. Kislalioglu, M. A. Khan, C. Blount, R. W. Goettch, and S. Bolton. Physical characterization and dissolution properties of ibuprofen: Eudragit coprecipitates. J. Pharm. Sci. 80:799–804 (1991).
A. H. Kibbe, ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London, UK: American Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2000:401–406.
E. A. Michael, ed. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2002:289–303.
A. H. Kibbe, ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London, UK: American Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2000:94–95.
A. H. Kibbe, ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London, UK: American Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2000:63–67.
R. K. Raghuram, M. Srinivas, R. Srinivas. Once-daily sustained-release matrix tablets of nicorandil: formulation and in vitro evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003; 4 (4) Article 61. Available at: http://www.pharmscitech.org.
L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman, eds. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Philadelphia, PA: Leas and Febiger; 1987:317–318.
R. W. Korsmeyer, R. Gurny, E. Doelker, P. Buri, and N. A. Peppas. Mechanisms of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int. J. Pharm. 15:25–35 (1983).
N. A. Peppas. Analysis of Fickian and non-Fickian drug release from Polymers. Pharm. Acta. Helv. 60:110–112 (1985).
N. A. Peppas, and J. J. Sahlin. A simple equation for the description of solute release III. coupling of diffusion and relaxation. Int. J. Pharm. 57:169–17 (1989).
P. L. Riteger, and N. A. Peppas. A simple equation for description of solute release. I. Fickian and non-Fickian release from non-swellable devices in the form of slabs, spheres, cylinders or discs. J. Control Rel. 5:23–35 (1987).
M. M. Talukdar, P. Rommbaut, and R. Kinget. Comparative study on xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as matrices for controlled-release drug delivery. I. Int. J. Pharm. 129:231–241 (1996).
M. S. Reza, M. Abdul Quadir, and S. S. Haider. Comparative evaluation of plastic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers as matrices for controlled-release drug delivery. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut Sci. 6:282–291 (2003).
J. E. Mockel, and B. C. Lippold. Zero-order release from hydrocolloid matrices. Pharm. Res. 90:1066–1070 (1993).
H. G. Schroeder, A. Dakkuri, and P. P. Deluca. Sustained release from inert wax matrices I: Drug-wax combinations. J. Pharm. Sci. 67:350–353 (1978).
M. J. O’Neil ed. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. 13th ed. USA: Merck research Laboratories; 2001:164–165.
E. A. Michael, ed. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2002: 197–210.
A. H. Kibbe, ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London, UK: American Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; 2000:294–297.
M. H. Amaral, J. M. Sousa, D. C. Ferreira. Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydrogenated castor oil on naproxen release from sustained-release tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech., 2001; 2(2) Article 6. Available at: http://www.pharmscitech.org.
M. A. Quadir, M. S. Reza, and S. S. Haider. Effect of PEGs on release of diclofenac sodium from directly compressed carnauba wax matrix tablets. J. Bang. Acad. Sci. 26:1–12 (2002).
P. C. Schmidt, and R. Herzog. Calcium phosphates in Pharmaceutical tableting I: Physico-phatmaceutical properties. Pharm. Wld. Sci. 15:105–110 (1993).
Y. E. Zhang, and J. B. Schwartz. Melting granulation and heat treatment for wax matrix-controlled release. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 29:131–138 (2003).
B. Sandip, T. Tiwari, K. Murthy, P. M. Raveendra, P. R. Mehta, and P. B. Chowdary. Controlled release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride using hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrix system. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003; 4(3) Article 31. Available at: http://www.pharmscitech.org.
A. Dakkuri, H. G. Schroeder, and P. P. Deluca. Sustained release from inert wax matrices II: Effects of surfactants on tripellenamine hydrochloride release. J. Pharm. Sci. 67:354–358 (1978).
T. Higuchi. Mechanism of sustained-action medication. Theoretical analysis of rate of release of solid drugs dispersed in solid matrices. Ibid. 52:1145–1153 (1963).
F. W. Goodhart, R. H. McCoy, and F. C. Niger. Release of a water soluble drug from a wax matrix times release tablet. ibid. 63:1748–1755 (1974).
M. S. Reza, M. A. Quadir, and S. S. Haider. Development of theophylline sustained release dosage form based on kollidon SR. Pak J Pharm Sci. 15:63–73 (2002).
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Pharo Pharmaceutical Company, Alexandria; Egypt, for baclofen gift.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdelkader, H., Youssef Abdalla, O. & Salem, H. Formulation of Controlled-Release Baclofen Matrix Tablets II: Influence of Some Hydrophobic Excipients on the Release Rate and In Vitro Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 9, 675–683 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9094-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9094-0