Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pilgrim dark energy with apparent and event horizons in non-flat universe

  • Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal C Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pilgrim dark energy is an interesting proposal which is based on the conjecture that phantom-like dark energy with strong enough repulsive force can prevent the formation of a black hole. We investigate this conjecture by assuming the apparent and event horizons in non-flat universe and we develop different cosmological parameters. We construct the corresponding equation of state parameter, which indicates that its present values lie in the phantom era of the universe for different ranges of μ (pilgrim dark energy parameter) as well as ξ 2 (interacting parameter). It is interesting to mention here that the pilgrim dark energy with event horizon yields a phantom region for all cases of ξ 2 with μ<0. We also develop the ω Λ –\(\omega'_{\varLambda}\) plane and explore the thawing as well as freezing region and ΛCDM limit for these models. The statefinders plane is also constructed, which shows the correspondence with different models such as quintessence and phantom dark energy, ΛCDM and Chaplygin gas. Finally, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics with event horizon in a flat as well as non-flat universe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Perlmutter et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.R. Caldwell, M. Doran, Phys. Rev. D 69, 103517 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Koivisto, D.F. Mota, Phys. Rev. D 73, 083502 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. S.F. Daniel, Phys. Rev. D 77, 103513 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Fedeli, L. Moscardini, M. Bartelmann, Astron. Astrophys. 500, 667 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. P.J.E. Peebles, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 559 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Armendariz-Picon, T. Damour, V. Mukhanov, Phys. Lett. B 458, 209 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. R.R. Caldwell, Phys. Lett. B 545, 23 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Feng, X.L. Wang, X.M. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 607, 35 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. J.S. Bagla, H.K. Jassal, T. Padmanabhan, Phys. Rev. D 67, 063504 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. X. Zhang, F.Q. Wu, J. Zhang, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 01, 003 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S.D.H. Hsu, Phys. Lett. B 594, 13 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. R.G. Cai, Phys. Lett. B 657, 228 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Li, Phys. Lett. B 603, 1 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Sharif, M. Zubair, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 03, 028 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Sharif, M. Zubair, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 014002 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Sharif, S. Rani, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 26, 1657 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Sharif, S. Rani, Phys. Scr. 84, 055005 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. E.V. Linder, Phys. Rev. D 81, 127301 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. C.H. Brans, R.H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 124, 925 (1961)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Dutta, E.N. Saridakis, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 01, 013 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Sharif, F. Khanum, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43, 2885 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Sharif, A. Jawad, Astrophys. Space Sci. 337, 789 (2012)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Sharif, A. Jawad, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 1901 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Cohen, D. Kaplan, A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4971 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Sharif, A. Jawad, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2097 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. C. Gao, X. Chen, Y.G. Shen, Phys. Rev. D 79, 043511 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. L. Granda, A. Oliveros, Phys. Lett. B 669, 275 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Chen, J. Jing, Phys. Lett. B 679, 144 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. L. Xua, J. Lu, W. Li, Eur. Phys. J. C 64, 89 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. Lu et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 71, 1800 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Wei, Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 175008 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. F.S.N. Lobo, Phys. Rev. D 71, 124022 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. F.S.N. Lobo, Phys. Rev. D 71, 084011 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Sushkov, Phys. Rev. D 71, 043520 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. E. Babichev, V. Dokuchaev, Y. Eroshenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 021102 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Sharif, G. Abbas, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 090402 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Martin-Moruno, Phys. Lett. B 659, 40 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Jamil, M.A. Rashid, A. Qadir, Eur. Phys. J. C 58, 325 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. E. Babichev et al., Phys. Rev. D 78, 104027 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Jamil, Eur. Phys. J. C 62, 325 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Jamil, A. Qadir, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43, 1069 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Bhadra, U. Debnath, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 1912 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. C.J. Gao et al., Phys. Rev. D 78, 024008 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. T. Harada, H. Maeda, B.J. Carr, Phys. Rev. D 74, 024024 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Akhoury, C.S. Gauthier, A. Vikman, J. High Energy Phys. 03, 082 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Z.H. Li, A.Z. Wang, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 22, 1663 (2007)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. M. Sharif, A. Jawad, Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2382 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Q.G. Huang, M. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 08, 013 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Knox et al., Phys. Rev. D 73, 023503 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. E. Komatsu et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 180, 330 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. K. Ichikawa et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 06, 005 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. E. Komatsu et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192, 18 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. S.H. Suyu et al., Astrophys. J. 766, 70 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. C.Y. Sun, R.G. Yue, Phys. Rev. D 85, 043010 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. R.R. Caldwell, E.V. Linder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 141301 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. R.J. Scherrer, Phys. Rev. D 73, 043502 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. T. Chiba, Phys. Rev. D 73, 063501 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Z.K. Guo, Y.S. Piao, X.M. Zhang, Y.Z. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 74, 127304 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. V. Sahni et al., JETP Lett. 77, 201 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. T. Jacobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. T. Padmanabhan, Class. Quantum Gravity 19, 5387 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  64. J.D. Bekenstein, Phys. Rev. D 7, 2333 (1973)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan, for its financial support through the Indigenous Ph.D. 5000 Fellowship Program Batch-VII.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    M. Sharif & Abdul Jawad

Authors
  1. M. Sharif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdul Jawad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Sharif.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sharif, M., Jawad, A. Pilgrim dark energy with apparent and event horizons in non-flat universe. Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2600 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2600-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2600-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation