Abstract
The content of pollutants in snow samples and their composition have been determined. The quantitative indicators of the content of nickel, copper, and other heavy metals and sulfur are used to assess the nature of spatial pollution of snow cover in the impact zone of enterprises in the Norilsk Industrial Area (NIA). A map of distribution of heavy metals and sulfur in the region is compiled. It is established that the largest part of pollutants entering the atmosphere in the form of dust was deposited on the underlying surface near sources of industrial emissions (up to 7 km from them). The pollutants entering the atmosphere in the form aerosols and gases are transported over considerable distances. A greater concentration of water-soluble forms of sulfur when compared with the background are marked at a distance of more than 400 km. Calculations show that only 2% of all sulfur emissions are deposited within a radius of 250 km and the remaining portion of sulfur is incorporated into the global geochemical cycles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antropova, L.V., Formy nakhozhdeniya elementov v oreolakh rasseyaniya rudnykh mestorozhdenii (Reconnaissance Forms of Elements in Dispersion Halo of Ore Deposits), Leningrad: Nauka, 1975.
Arguchuntsev, V.K., Adguchintsev, A.V., and Makukhin, V.L., Potential of dispersed admixtures by Angarsk atmosphere, Geogr. Prir. Resur., 1993, no. 3, pp. 37–43.
Belikova, T., Vasilenko, V., Dlikman, I., and Nazarov, I., Distant transportation of pollutants and acidification of atmospheric precipitations, in Problemy fonovogo monitoringa sostoyaniya prirodnoi sredy (The Problems of Environmental Background Monitoring), Leningrad, 1988, no. 6, pp. 141–147.
Gosudarstvennyi doklad o sostoyanii i okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy Krasnoyarskogo kraya v 2002 godu (State Report on Condition and Protection of Environment in Krasnoyarsk Krai in 2002), Moscow: Priroda, 2004.
Ivlev, L.S., Khimicheskii sostav i struktura atmosfernykh aerozolei (Chemical Composition and Structure of Atmospheric Aerosols), Leningrad: Leningr. Gos. Univ., 1982.
Isidorov, V.A., Ekologicheskaya khimiya: Uchebnoe posobie dlya vizov (Ecological Chemistry: Manual for High Education Students), St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2001.
Joranger, E. and Ottar, B., Air pollution studies in Norwegian Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1984, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 365–368.
Kislotnye dozhdi (Acidic Rains), Izrael’, Yu.A., et al., Eds., Leningrad, 1989.
Makarov, V.N., Svinets v biosfere Yakutii (Lead in Biosphere of Yakutia), Yakutsk: Inst. Merzlotoved., Sib. Otd., Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2002.
Makarov, V.N., Fedoseev, N.F., and Fedoseeva, V.I., Geokhimiya snezhnogo pokrova Yakutii (Geochemistry of Snow Cover in Yakutia), Yakutsk: Inst. Merzlotoved., Sib. Otd., Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1990.
Maslova, I.Ya., Ecological and agrochemical importance of atmospheric industrial sulfur, Sib. Ekol. Zh., 2004, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 377–390.
NewScientist portal, 2010. http://www.newscientist.com
Onuchin, A.A. and Musokhranova, A.V., Precipitation trends in the area of Noril’sk Mining and Smelting Complex, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2013, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 88–93
Prokhorenko, A.M., Transportation ways of polluted air mass to Arctic, Usp. Sovrem. Estestvozn., 2006, no. 4, pp. 73–77.
Rahn, K.A., Joranger, E., Semb, A., and Conway, T.J., High Winter Concentrations of SO2 in the Norwegian Arctic and Transport from Eurasia, Nature, 1980, vol. 287, no. 10, pp. 824–826.
RD 52.04.186-89. Rukovodstvo po kontrolyu zagryazneniya atmosfery (Regulatory Document RD 52.04.186-89: Manual on Atmospheric Pollution Control).
Savchenko, V.A., Ekologicheskie problemy Taimyra (Environmental Problems of Taimyr), Moscow: Ross. Inzhener. Akad., 1998.
Savchenko, V.A., Koshubarov, V.A., Grebenets, V.I., and Lolaev, A.B., Sostoyanie okruzhayushchei prirodnoi sredy v Noril’skii promyshlennyi raion (Environmental Conditions in Norilsk Industrial Region), Norilsk, 1992.
Selegei, T.S. and Yurchenko, I.P., Potential of dispersion ability of atmosphere, Geogr. Prir. Resur., 1990, no. 2, pp. 132–137.
Shver, Ts.A., Zakonomernosti raspredeleniya kolichestva osadkov na kontinentakh (Patterns of Precipitation Distribution on the Continents), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984.
Sister, V.G. and Koretskii, V.E., Inzhenerno-ekologicheskaya zashchita vodnoi sistemy severnogo megapolisa v zimnii period (Engineering-Ecological Protection of Water System of North Megapolis during Winter), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ. Inzhener. Ekol., 2004.
Uchvatov, V.P., Geochemistry of heavy metals of background and technogenic landscapes in central part of European Russia, Geogr. Prir. Resur., 1993, no. 3, pp. 48–59.
Vasilenko, V.N., Nazarov, I.M., Fridman, Sh.D., et al., Monitoring zagryazneniya snezhnogo pokrova (Pollution Monitoring of Snow Cover), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985.
Vizenko, O.S., Potential of dispersion ability of atmosphere in Pre-Baikal region, Geogr. Prir. Resur., 1993, no. 1, pp. 64–68.
Volkova, V.G. and Davydova, N.D., Tekhnogenez i transformatsiya landshaftov (Technogenesis and Transformation of Landscapes), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.A. Onuchin, T.A. Burenina, O.N. Zubareva, O.V. Trefilova, I.V. Danilova, 2014, published in Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 2014, No. 6, pp. 1025–1037.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Onuchin, A.A., Burenina, T.A., Zubareva, O.N. et al. Pollution of snow cover in the impact zone of enterprises in Norilsk Industrial Area. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 7, 714–722 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425514060080
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425514060080