Abstract
The explosive and deflagration properties of black powder differ significantly from those of modern propellants and compositions based on ammonium nitrate or ammonium perchlorate. Possessing a high combustibility, black powder is capable of maintaining stable combustion at high velocities in various shells, be it steel shells or thin-walled plastic tubes, without experiencing deflagration-to-detonation transition. It is extremely difficult to detonate black powder, even using a powerful booster detonator. The results of numerical simulations of a number of key experiments on the convective combustion and shock initiation of black powder described in the literature are presented. The calculations were performed within the framework of a model developed previously for describing the convective combustion of granulated pyroxylin powders, with small modifications being introduced to allow for the specific properties of black powder. The thermophysical properties of the products of combustion and detonation and the parameters of the equation of state of black powder were determined from thermodynamic calculations. The calculation results were found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results were used to analyze the regularities of the wave processes in the system and their relation to the properties of black powder and the experimental conditions. It was demonstrated that the effects observed could be explained by a weak dependence of the burning rate of black powder on the pressure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Kast, Explosive Substances and Ignition Means (GKhTI, Moscow, 1932) [in Russian].
N. A. Shilling, A Course on Black Powders (GIOP, Moscow, 1940) [in Russian].
O. I. Leipunskii, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34, 177 (1960).
A. F. Belyaev and R. Kh. Kurbangalina, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38, 579 (1964).
B. S. Ermolaev, A. A. Sulimov, V. A. Foteenkov, et al., Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 16(3), 24 (1980).
V. A. Foteenkov, A. I. Korotkov, B. S. Ermolaev, et al., Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 18(2), 137 (1982).
V. A. Foteenkov, A. A. Sulimov, and A. I. Korotkov, in Proc. 16th Intern. Pyrotechnics Seminar (Billdall, Hansson Pyrotech AB, 1991), Paper No. 9, p. 121.
B. S. Ermolaev, A. A. Belyaev, and A. A. Sulimov, Khim. Fiz. 23(1), 62 (2004).
J. Bdzil, R. Menikoff, S. Son, et al., Phys. Fluids 11, 378 (1999).
S. B. Victorov, in Proc. 12th Intern. Detonation Symp. (ONR, Arlington, 2002), p. 369.
S. B. Viktorov, S. A. Gubin, I. V. Maklashova, et al., Khim. Fiz. 24(12), 22 (2005).
S. B. Victorov and S. A. Gubin, in Proc. 13th Intern. Detonation Symp. (ONR, Arlington, 2006), Paper 148.
B. S. Ermolaev, B. A. Khasainov, and H.-N. Presles, in Proc. Europyro 2007 — 34th IPS, Vol. 1 (AFP, Paris, 2007), p. 323.
A. P. Glazkova and I. A. Tereshkin, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35, 1622 (1961).
A. F. Belyaev, A. I. Korotkov, A. K. Parfenov, et al., Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 150 (1963).
M. E. Serebryakov, Internal Ballistics (Oborongiz, Moscow, 1949), p. 41 [in Russian].
A. A. Sulimov and B. S. Ermolaev, Khim. Fiz. 16(9), 51 (1997).
B. S. Ermolaev and A. A. Sulimov, in Proc. of the Cinquieme Symp. Intern. Sur Hautes Pressions Dynamiques (HDP V) (AFP, Paris, 2003), p. 15.
A. Yu. Dolgoborodov, A. N. Streletskii, M. N. Makhov, et al., Khim. Fiz. 25(12), 40 (2007) [Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 1, 606 (2007)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © B.S. Ermolaev, A.A. Belyaev, S.B. Viktorov, K.A. Sleptsov, S.Yu. Zharikova, 2010, published in Khimicheskaya Fizika, 2010, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 48–60.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ermolaev, B.S., Belyaev, A.A., Viktorov, S.B. et al. Nonideal regimes of deflagration and detonation of black powder. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 4, 428–439 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793110030103
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793110030103