Abstract
Methodical approaches to commercial rearing of sea cucumber at mariculture farms in Peter the Great Bay in the Sea of Japan are discussed. This includes two basic phases, viz., intermediate rearing of underyearlings in cages and sea ranching. The survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers during intermediate rearing in cages in Sukhodol Bight (Ussuri Bay) was shown to depend on the body size and rearing density of the juveniles and its value varied from 35 to 82%. The survival rate of two-year-old juveniles on artificial reefs reached 85%. Monitoring studies of the bottom sites showed that for the entire period of functioning of the farm, 8 years, a sea cucumber colony with the average distribution density of 1.5 inds/m2 was formed on an area of about 30 ha. The harvest of the commercial production of sea cucumbers purchased at hatcheries can be calculated taking the survival rates of juveniles during the first years of their life into account. The calculation of the production of juvenile sea cucumbers picked by collectors was based on an appraisal of the current state of their aggregation (abundance, biomass, and size structure) with use of conservation protection measures (the allowable harvest rate of 6.4%).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bregman, Yu.E., Kalashnikov, V.Z., Grigoryev, V.N., et al., Vremennaya instruktsiya po tekhnologii donnogo vyraschivaniya primorskogo grebeshka posle godichnogo podraschivaniya v sadkakh (Temporary Guide to the Technology of Benthic Japanese Scallop Rearing after One-year Rearing in Cages), Vladivostok: TINRO, 1987.
Vyshkvartsev, D.I., Lebedev, Ye.B., and Levenets, I.R., The Issue of Rational Use of Underwater Accumulative Plains in Shallow Bights of Peter the Great Bay, Mat-ly Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konf. “Ekologicheskiye problemy ispol’zovaniya pribrezhnykh morskikh akvatorii” (Proc. Int. Sci. and Pract. Konf. “Ecological Problems of the Use of Marine Coastal Waters”), Vladivostok, 2006, pp. 40–41.
Vyshkvartsev, D.I., Lebedev, Ye.B., and Yavnov, S.V., Evaluation of Settlement of the SOTOS Reef in Two Bights of Posyet Bay, Sea of Japan, Tez. dokl. Vsesoyuz. konf. “Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye problemy marikultury v strane” (Proc. All-union Conf. “Scientific and Technical Problems of Mariculture in the Country”), Vladivostok: TINRO, 1989, pp. 75–76.
Zaks, I.G., Resource Stock of Sea Cucumber in Far Eastern Seas, Ryb. khoz-vo Dal’nego Vostoka, 1930, no. 2, pp. 37–40.
Levin, V.S., Dal’nevostochnyi trepang. Biologiya, promysel, vosproizvodstvo (Far Eastern Sea Cucumber. Biology, Harvest, Reproduction), St. Petersburg: Golland, 2000.
Levin, V.S. and Shenderov, Ye.L., Some Problems of Macrobenthos Census Methods with the Use of Diving Equipment, Biologiya Morya, 1975, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 64–70.
Preobrazhenskii, B.V., Zharikov, V.V., and Dubeikovskii, L.V., Osnovy podvodnogo landshaftovedeniya. Upravleniye morskimi ekosistemami (Basics of Underwater Landscape Science. Marine Ecosystem Management), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2000.
Rakov, V.A., Growth Rates and Lifespan in Sea Cucumber in Posyet Bay, Biologiya Morya, 1982, no. 4, pp. 52–54.
Selin, N.I. and Chernyaev, M.Zh., Distribution Pattern, Settlement Structure, and Growth of the Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus in Vostok Bay, Sea of Japan, Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 1994, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 60–65.
Technology of Breeding of Sea Cucumber and Sea Urchin, Qingdao: Publishing House of the Marine University, 2001. (in Chinese)
Yavnov, S.V. and Rakov, V.A., Construction of Artificial Reefs in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Tez. dokl. 3-ey Vsesoyuzn. konf. po morskoi biologii (Proc. 3rd Allunion Conf. on Marine Biology), Kiev, 1988, part 2, pp. 279–280.
Bradbury, A., Sea Cucumber Dive Fishery in Washington State: an Update, Beche-demer Inform. Bull., 1994, no. 6, pp. 15–16.
Bradbury, A., Palsson, W.A., and Pacunsci, R.E., Stock Assessment of the Sea Cucumber Parastichopus californicus in Washington, Echinoderms, Mooi, R., Telford, M., and Balkema, A.A., Eds., San Francisco, Rotterdam, 1998, pp. 441–446.
Caddy, J.F., Stock Assessment in Data-limited Situation: the Experience in Tropical Fisheries and Its Possible Relevance to Evaluation of Invertebrate Resources, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. and Aquat. Sci., 1986, no. 92, pp. 379–392.
Chen, J., Present Status and Prospects of Sea Cucumber Industry in China, Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management: FAO Fisheries technical paper, 2004, no. 463, session 1, pp. 25–38.
Humble, S., An Adaptive, Rotational Harvest Strategy for Data-poor Fisheries on Sedentary Species: Application to the Giant Red Sea Cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) Fishery in British Columbia: MSc Thesis, Dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 2005.
Walters, C.J. and Hilborn, R., Adaptive Control of Fishing Systems, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 1976, vol. 33, pp. 145–159.
Woodby, D.A., Kruse, G.H., and Larson, R.C., A Conservative Application of a Surplus Production Model to the Sea Cucumber Fishery in Southeast Alaska, Proc. Intern. Sympos. Management Strategies for Exploited Fish Population, 1993, pp. 191–202.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © G.S. Gavrilova, A.V. Kucheryavenko, 2010, published in Izvestiya TINRO.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gavrilova, G.S., Kucheryavenko, A.V. Commercial rearing of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Peter the great bay: Methodical peculiarities and results of the work of a mariculture farm in Sukhodol Bight. Russ J Mar Biol 36, 539–547 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074010070072
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074010070072