Abstract
The series of two papers presents a comprehensive isotope-geochronological and petrologicalgeochemical study of the Late Quaternary Tendürek Volcano (Eastern Turkey), one of the greatest volcanoes within the Caucasian–Eastern Anatolian segment of the Alpine foldbelt. The second article discusses the results of petrogenetic modeling, role of AFC-processes in the petrogenesis of magmas and the nature of mantle source of the Tendürek Volcano. Based on geochronological data, geochemical and isotopegeochemical (Sr-Nd-Pb) characteristics of the studied rocks we suggest the petrological model which well describe the evolution of magmatic system of the Tendürek Volcano during the whole period of its activity. The data obtained indicate that the igneous rocks of the Tendürek Volcano belong to the same homodromous volcanic series (trachybasalt–tephrite–phonotephrite–tephriphonolite–trachyandesite–trachyte–phonolite), which are dominated by the intermediate and moderately-acid varieties of the eruption products. The leading role in the petrogenesis of the lavas was played by the fractional crystallization processes, which, according to isotope-geochemical data, were sometimes complicated by the assimilation of upper crustal material. The mantle reservoir responsible for the magmatic activity within the major part of the Eastern Anatolia in the Late Quaternary time was represented by the OIB-type mantle. It was subject to slight metasomatic changes as a result of earlier deepening and remelting of the Arabian Plate slab, which was subducted under the region through the end of the Miocene. The depth of the magma-generating source is estimated at around 80 km, which corresponds to the upper part of the asthenospheric wedge under the region, based on geophysical data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angus, D.A., Wilson, D.C., Sandvol, E., and Ni, J.F., Lithospheric structure of the Arabian and Eurasian collision zone in Eastern Turkey from S-wave receiver functions, Geophys. J. Int., 2006, vol. 166, pp. 1335–1346. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03070.x
Chernyshev, I.V., Chugaev, A.V., and Shatagin, K.N., Precision Isotope Analysis of Pb by multicollector ICP mass spectrometry with normalization by 205Tl/203Tl: optimization and calibration of the method for studying variations in the isotope composition of Pb, Geochem. Int., 2007, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 1065–1076.
Chugaev, A.V., Chernyshev, I.V., Lebedev, V.A., and Eremina, A.V., Lead isotope composition and origin of the Quaternary lavas of Elbrus Volcano, the Greater Caucasus: high precision MC-ICP-MS data, Petrology, 2013, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 16–27.
DePaolo, D.J., Trace elements and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1981, vol. 53, pp. 189–202.
Faccenna, C., Becker, T.W., Jolivet, L., and Keskin, M., Mantle convection in the Middle East: reconciling Afar upwelling, Arabia indentation and Aegean trench rollback, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2013, vol. 375, pp. 254–269.
Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R.A., A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks, Can. J. Earth Sci., 1971, vol. 8, pp. 523–548.
Keskin, M., Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff beneath a subduction-accretion complex: An alternative model for collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 24, 8046. doi 10.1029/2003GL018019
Keskin, M., Eastern Anatolia: A hotspot in a collision zone without a mantle plume, in Plates, Plumes, and Planetary processes, Foulger, G.R. and Jurdy, D.M., Eds., Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper, 2007, vol. 430, pp. 693–722.
Keskin, M., Chugaev, A.V., Lebedev, V.A., et al., Geochronology and origin of mantle sources for Late Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in the frontal part of the Arabian plate in the Karacada neovolcanic area, Turkey. Part 2. The results of geochemical and isotope (Sr-Nd-Pb) studies, J. Volcanol. Seismol., 2012, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 361–382. doi 10.1134/S0742046312060048
Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre R.W., Streckeisen A., and Zanettin B., A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram, J. Petrol., 1986, vol. 27, pp. 745–750.
Lebedev, V.A., Chernyshev, I.V., Dudauri, O.Z., et al., The Samsari volcanic center as an example of recent volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus: K-Ar geochronological and Sr-Nd isotopic data, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2003, vol. 393A, no. 9, pp. 1323–1328.
Lebedev, V.A., Chernyshev, I.V., Chugaev, A.V., et al., K-Ar age and Sr-Nd characteristics of subalkali basalts in the Central Georgian neovolcanic region (Greater Caucasus), Dokl. Earth Sci., 2006, vol. 408, no. 4, pp. 657–661. doi 10.1134/S1028334X06040337
Lebedev, V.A., Chernyshev, I.V., Chugaev, A.V., et al., Geochronology of eruptions and parental magma sources of Elbrus Volcano, the Greater Caucasus: K-Ar and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data, Geochem. Int., 2010, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 41–67. doi 10.1134/S0016702910010039
Lebedev, V.A., Chernyshev, I.V., Shatagin, K.N., et al., Geochronology, isotope Sr-Nd characteristics and origin of Quaternary volcanic rocks within Geghama highland (Lesser Caucasus, Armenia), J. Volcanol. Seismol., 2013, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 204–229. doi 10.1134/S0742046314020043
Lebedev, V.A., Sharkov, E.V., Ünal, E., and Keskin, M., Late Pleistocene Tendürek Volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). I. Geochronology and petrographic characteristics of igneous rocks, Petrology, 2016, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 127–152.
Ma, G.S.-K., Malpas J., Xenophontos, C., and Chan, G.H.-N., Petrogenesis of latest Miocene–Quaternary continental intraplatevolcanism along the northern Dead Sea Fault System (Al Ghab-HomsVolcanic Field), Western Syria: evidence for lithosphere–asthenosphere interaction, J. Petrol., 2011, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 401–430. doi 10.1093/petrology/egq085
McKenzie, D.P. and O’Nions, R.K., Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations, J. Petrol., 1991, vol. 32, pp. 1021–1091.
Oyan V., Keskin M., Lebedev V.A., et al., Magmatic evolution of the Early Pliocene Etrüsk Stratovolcano, Eastern Anatolian Collision Zone, 2014 Turkey, Lithos (in press).
Özdemir, Y. and Güleç, N., Geological and geochemical evolution of the Quaternary Süphan Stratovolcano, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: evidence for the lithospere–astenosphere interaction in post-collisional volcanism, J. Petrol., 2014, vol. 55, pp. 37–62. doi 10.1093/petrology/egt060
Pearce, J.A., Role of the sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins, in Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths, Hawkesworth, C.J. and Norry, M.J., Eds. Nanthwich: Shiva, 1983.
Pearce, J.A., Bender, J.F., DeLong, S.E., et al., Genesis of collision volcanism in eastern Anatolia, Turkey, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1990, vol. 44, nos. 1–2. pp. 189–229.
Peccerillo, A. and Taylor, S.R., Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1976, vol. 58, pp. 63–81.
Peters, T.J., Menzies, M., Thirlwall, M., and Kyle, P., ZuniBandera volcanism, Rio Grande, USA—melt formation in garnet and spinel-facies mantle straddling the asthenosphere-lithosphere boundary, Lithos, 2008, vol. 102, pp. 295–315.
Pik, R., Deniel, C., Coulon, C., et al., Isotopic and trace element signatures of Ethiopian flood basalts: evidence for plume-lithosphere interactions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1999, vol. 63, 2263–2279.
Plank, T. and Langmuir, C.H., The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle, Chem. Geol., 1998, vol. 145, pp. 325–394.
Rudnick, R.L. and Gao, S., Composition of the continental crust, in Treatise on Geochemistry, Ed. by Holland, H.D. and Turekian, K.K., Eds., 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1–64.
Sandvol, E., Türkelli, N., Zor, E., et al., Shear wave splitting in a young continent-continent collision: an example from Eastern Turkey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 24, p. 8041. doi 10.1029/2003GL017390
Sengor, A.M.C., Ozeren, S., Zor, E., and Genc, T., East Anatolian high plateau as a mantle-supported, N-S shortened domal structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 24, p. 8045.
Shaw, J.E., Baker, J.A., Menzies, M.A., et al., Petrogenesis of the largest intraplate volcanic field on the Arabian Plate (Jordan): a mixed lithosphere–asthenosphere source activated by lithospheric extension, J. Petrol., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 1657–1679.
Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F., Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes, in Magmatism in Ocean Basins, Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M.J., Eds., Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 1989, vol. 42, pp. 313–345.
Takahashi, E. and Kushiro, I., Melting of a dry peridotite at high pressures and basalt magma genesis, Am. Mineral., 1983, vol. 68, pp. 859–879.
Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution, Geoscience Texts, Blackwell Scientific Publications: London, 1985).
Thirlwall, M.F., Upton, B.G.J., and Jenkins, C., Interaction between continental lithosphere and the Iceland plume, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of Tertiary basalts, NEGreenland, J. Petrol., 1994, vol. 35, pp. 839–879.
Zor, E., Sandvol, E., Gurbuz, C., et al., The crustal structure of East Anatolian plateau from receiver functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 24, p. 8044. doi 10.1029/2003GLO18192
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lebedev, V.A., Chugaev, A.V., Ünal, E. et al. Late Pleistocene Tendürek Volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). II. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the rocks. Petrology 24, 234–270 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591116030048
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591116030048