Abstract
The present investigation examines the interaction of shock waves with closed cell aluminum foam samples in a conventional shock tube. The effect of the sample thickness on shock wave attenuation and/or enhancement and the use of the foam in the sandwich structure is studied. Results in terms of incident and reflected shock pressures are obtained, and the effectiveness of the samples with and without the foam is compared. It is demonstrated that the foam density and thickness, as well as the placement of cover plates of the same material in front of and behind the foam have the most significant effect on the reflected shock pressure. It is concluded that the closed cell aluminum metal foam can be effectively used as a sacrificial layer in blast protection of structures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. C. Phan and J. L. Stollery, “On the Effects of Shock Wave Reflection in a Confined Space,” in Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Shock Waves Shock Tubes, Berkeley, California, USA, 1985, July 28–August 2, pp. 139–145.
B. W. Skews, A. Levy, and D. Levi-Hevroni, “Shock Wave Propagation in Porous Media,” in Handbook on Shock Waves, Ed. by G. Ben-Dor, O. Igra, and T. Elperin (Academic Press, Boston, 2000).
G. Ben-Dor, O. Igra, and T. Elperin, Handbook on Shock Waves (Academic Press, Boston, 2001).
R. Monti, “Normal Reflection on Deformable Walls,” Meccanica 5 (4), 285–296 (1970).
A. A. Borisov, B. E. Gel’fand, V. M. Kudinov, B. I. Palamarchuk, V. V. Stepanov, E. I. Timofeev, and S. V. Khomik, “Shock Waves in Water Foams,” Acta Astronaut. 5 (11/12), 1027–1033 (1978).
B. E. Gel’fand, A. V. Gubanov, and E. I. Timofeev, “Peculiarities of Shock-Wave Propagation in Foams,” Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 17 (4), 129–136 (1981) [Combust., Expl., Shock Waves 17 (4), 464–469 (1981)].
L. G. Gvozdeva, Yu. M. Faresov, and V. P. Fokeev, “Interaction of Air Shock Waves with Porous Compressible Materials,” Prikl. Mekh. Tekh. Fiz. 26 (3), 111–115 (1985) [Appl.Mech. Tech. Phys. 26 (3), 401–404 (1985)].
M. Yasuhara, K. Kitagawa, S. Sakashita, Y. Tsuzaki, and S. Watanabe, “One-Dimensional Shock Wave Interaction with Rubber and Low-Porosity Foam,” Shock Waves 5 (1/2), 25–32 (1995).
K. Kitagawa, M. Yasuhara, and K. Takayama, “Attenuation of Shock Waves Propagating in Polyurethane Foams,” Shock Waves 15 (6), 437–445 (2006).
W. Idczak, Cz. Rymarz, and A. Spychala, “Large Deflection of a Rigid Visco-Plastic Impulsively Loaded Circular Plate,” J. Tech. Phys. 21, 473–487 (1980).
W. Idczak, Cz. Rymarz, and A. Spychala, “Studies on Shock Wave Loaded Clamped Circular Plates,” J. Tech. Phys. 22, 175–184 (1981).
J. Renard and O. Pennetier, “Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Plates Submitted to an Explosion-Numerical and Experimental Study,” in Structural Dynamics, Proc. 3th Eur. Conf. on Structural Dynamics: EURODYN’ 96 (Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1996), pp. 689–694.
S. A. Tekalur, A. Shukla, and K. Shivakumar, “Blast Resistance of Polyurea Based Layered Composite Materials,” Compos. Struct. 84 (3), 271–281 (2008).
S. A. Tekalur, K. Shivakumar, and A. Shukla, “Mechanical Behavior and Damage Evolution in E-Glass Vinyl Ester and Carbon Composites Subjected to Static and Blast Loads,” Comp. B: Eng. 39 (1), 57–65 (2008).
S. A. Tekalur, A. E. Bogdanovich, and A. Shukla, “Shock Loading Response of Sandwich Panels with 3-d Woven E-Glass Composite Skins and Stitched Foam Core,” Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (6), 736–753 (2009).
B. W. Skews, “The Reflected Pressure Field in the Interaction of Weak Shock Waves with a Compressible Foam,” Shock Waves 1 (3), 205–211 (1991).
M. R. Baer, “A Numerical Study of Shock Wave Reflections on Low Density Foam,” Shock Waves 2 (2), 121–124 (1992).
S. Ouellet, D. Frost, and A. Bouamoul, “Using a Shock Tube to Predict the Response of Polymeric Foam to a Blast Loading,” J. Phys. IV. France 134, 783–787 (2006).
M. W. Seitz and B. W. Skews, “Effect of Compressible Foam Properties on Pressure Amplification during Shock Wave Impact,” Shock Waves 15 (3/4), 177–197 (2006).
E. Wang, N. Gardner, and A. Shukla, “The Blast Resistance of Sandwich Composites with Stepwise Graded Cores,” Int. J. Solids Struct. 46 (18/19), 3492–3502 (2009).
A. Bouamoul, “Using Finite Element Methods to Predict the Response of Polymeric Foams to Both Shock Tube and Free-Field Loadings,” in 25th Int. Symp. on Ballistics (Beijing, China, May 17–21, 2010).
D. P. Mondal, M. D. Goel, and S. Das, “Effect of Strain Rate and Relative Density on Compressive Deformation Behavior of Closed Cell Aluminum-Fly Ash Composite Foam,” Mater. Des. 30, 1268–1274 (2009).
D. P. Mondal, M. D. Goel, and S. Das, “Compressive Deformation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Closed Cell Aluminum-Fly Ash Particle Composite Foam,” Mater. Sci. Eng. 507 (1/2), 102–109 (2009).
D. P. Mondal and S. Das, “Effect of Thickening Agent and Foaming Agent on the Micro-Architecture and Deformation Response of Closed Cell Aluminum Foam,” Mater. Werk. 41 (5), 276–282 (2010).
P. Altenhöfer and C. Mundt, “Comparison of L1d-Simulations with Measurements on a Double- Diaphragm Shock Tube,” in 8th Eur. Fluid Mech. Conf., Bad Reichenhall, Germany, September 13–16, 2010.
P. D. Smith and J. G. Hetherington, Blast and Ballistic Loading of Structures (Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK, 1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text ©M.D. Goel, Ph. Altenhofer, V.A. Matsagar, A.K. Gupta, Ch. Mundt, S. Marburg.
Published in Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 98–105, May–June, 2015.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goel, M.D., Altenhofer, P., Matsagar, V.A. et al. Interaction of a shock wave with a closed cell aluminum metal foam. Combust Explos Shock Waves 51, 373–380 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508215030144
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508215030144