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Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P

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Abstract

Consideration of the existence of hydrosilicate liquids (HSL) in nature can help in understanding the accumulation and transport of some mineral- and ore-forming components at the transition from magmas to hydrothermal fluids. We studied the experimental formation of HSL using a base system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with addition of NaF, NaCl and metallic Ta. The interaction between quartz and aqueous solution, performed at 1.5 kbar and 600°C and followed either by cooling or by quench, showed that the formation of HSL occurred when initial Na2O exceeded 2 wt %. Neither NaF nor NaCl have a significant effect on the formation of HSL. The HSL concentrates F, whereas Cl partitions into the aqueous fluid. With addition of Ta to the system, the HSL becomes metal-enriched. Natural analogs of experimental HSL can be found among “melt/fluid” inclusions entrapped in quartz and other minerals of miaroles in granite pegmatites and raremetal granites. The HSL is a novel medium enabling extreme concentrations of lithophile ore metals at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, pr. Ak. Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    S. Z. Smirnov, V. G. Thomas & O. A. Kozmenko

  2. Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova st. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    S. Z. Smirnov

  3. ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    V. S. Kamenetsky & R. R. Large

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  1. S. Z. Smirnov
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  2. V. G. Thomas
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  3. V. S. Kamenetsky
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  4. O. A. Kozmenko
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Smirnov, S.Z., Thomas, V.G., Kamenetsky, V.S. et al. Hydrosilicate liquids in the system Na2O-SiO2-H2O with NaF, NaCl and Ta: Evaluation of their role in ore and mineral formation at high T and P . Petrology 20, 271–285 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591112020063

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