Abstract
We study the determinants of the stated probability of purchase for a deferred annuity that pays out at age 80 or 85, which we reframe as “longevity insurance”, using the Survey of Household Financial and Risk Management. Our results indicate that younger cohorts and women are more likely to express a desire to purchase longevity insurance in the future. The stated probability of purchase for longevity insurance was lower for respondents with greater home equity and higher coefficients of relative risk aversion. Our results may be of particular interest to policymakers, annuity companies and retirement plan providers.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The annuity quotes are from CANNEX. The assumed purchase date was 19 November 2014.
As a result of our sample being highly educated and women, we ran separate regressions by groups (highly educated and women) and found no differences in the results. This suggests that our skewed sample is not biasing the results.
References
Andersson, H. and Svensson, M. (2008) ‘Cognitive ability and scale bias in the contingent valuation method: An analysis of willingness to pay to reduce mortality risk’, Environmental and Resource Economics 39 (4): 481–495.
Ando, A. and Modigliani, F. (1963) ‘The“life cycle” hypothesis of saving: Aggregate implications and tests’, The American Economic Review 53 (1): 55–84.
Arias, E. (2007) United States Life Tables, 2004, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 56, No. 9, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, from www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_09.pdf, accessed 16 September 2015.
Arias, E., Rostron, B.L. and Tejada-Vera, B. (2010) United States Life Tables, 2005, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 10, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Arizona Governing Comm. for Tax Deferred Annuity and Deferred Compensation Plans v. Norris (1983) 463 U.S. 1073, 103 S. Ct. 3492, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1236.
Barsky, R.B., Juster, F.T., Kimball, M.S. and Shapiro, M.D. (1997) ‘Preference parameters and behavioral heterogeneity: An experimental approach in the health and retirement survey’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (2): 537–579.
Beatrice, D.Q., Drinkwater, M. and Sondergeld, E.T. (2004) The 2003 Individual Annuity Market: Sales and Assets, Windsor, CT: LIMRA International, Inc.
Benartzi, S., Previtero, A. and Thaler, R.H. (2011) ‘Annuitization puzzles’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives 25 (4): 143–164.
Berinsky, A.J., Huber, G.A. and Lenz, G.S. (2011) Using Mechanical Turk as a subject recruitment tool for experimental research, from http://goo.gl/M1nb2m, accessed 16 September 2015.
Beshears, J., Choi, J.J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B.C. and Zeldes, S.P. (2014) ‘What makes annuitization more appealing?’ Journal of Public Economics 116: 2–16.
Brown, J.R. (2001) ‘Private pensions, mortality risk, and the decision to annuitize’, Journal of Public Economics 82 (1): 29–62.
Brown, J.R., Kapteyn, A., Luttmer, E.F.P. and Mitchell, O. (2015) Cognitive constraints on valuing annuities, from users.nber.org/~luttmer/ssannuity_paper.pdf, accessed 16 September 2015.
Brown, J.R., Kling, J.R., Mullainathan, S. and Wrobel, M.V. (2008) ‘Why don’t people insure late life consumption: A framing explanation of the under-annuitization puzzle’, The American Economic Review 98 (2): 304–309.
Bütler, M. and Teppa, F. (2007) ‘The choice between an annuity and a lump sum: Results from Swiss pension funds’, Journal of Public Economics 91 (10): 1944–1966.
Cappelletti, G., Guazzarotti, G. and Tommasino, P. (2013) ‘What determines annuity demand at retirement’, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance—Issues and Practice 38 (4): 777–802.
Chandler, D. and Kapelner, A. (2013) ‘Breaking monotony with meaning: Motivation in crowdsourcing markets’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 90: 123–133.
Davidoff, T., Brown, J.R. and Diamond, P.A. (2005) ‘Annuities and individual welfare’, American Economic Review 95 (5): 1573–1590.
Frederick, S. (2005) ‘Cognitive reflection and decision making’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (4): 25–42.
Guillemette, M.A., Browning, C.M. and Payne, P. (2015) ‘Don’t like the picture, change the Frame: The effects of framing and cognitive ability on risky choice’, Applied Economics Letters 22 (18): 1515–1518.
Horneff, W.J., Maurer, R.H., Mitchell, O.S. and Stamos, M.Z. (2009) ‘Asset allocation and location over the life cycle with investment-linked survival-contingent payouts’, Journal of Banking & Finance 33 (9): 1688–1699.
Horneff, W.J., Maurer, R.H., Mitchell, O.S. and Stamos, M.Z. (2010) ‘Variable payout annuities and dynamic portfolio choice in retirement’, Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 9 (2): 163–183.
Inkmann, J., Lopes, P. and Michaelides, A. (2011) ‘How deep is the annuity market participation puzzle?’, The Review of Financial Studies 24 (1): 279–319.
James, E. and Song, X. (2001) Annuities markets around the world: Money’s worth and risk intermediation, Center for Research on Pensions and Welfare Policies (CeRP) Working Paper No. 16/1.
Johnson, R.W., Burman, L.E. and Kobes, D. (2004) Annuitized Wealth at Older Ages: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study, Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Jousten, A. (2001) ‘Life-cycle modeling of bequests and their impact on annuity valuation’, Journal of Public Economics 79 (1): 149–177.
Meara, E.R., Richards-Shubik, S. and Cutler, D.M. (2008) ‘The gap gets bigger: Changes in mortality and life expectancy, by education, 1981–2000’, Health Affairs 27 (2): 350–360.
Milevsky, M.A. and Young, V.R. (2007) ‘Annuitization and asset allocation’, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31 (9): 3138–3177.
Paolacci, G., Chandler, J. and Ipeirotis, P.G. (2010) ‘Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk’, Judgment and Decision Making 5 (5): 411–419.
Ruffing, K.A. (2012) What the 2012 Trustees’ Report Shows About Social Security, Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
Scott, F. and Garen, J. (1994) ‘Probability of purchase, amount of purchase, and the demographic incidence of the lottery tax’, Journal of Public Economics 54 (1): 121–143.
Turner, J.A. and McCarthy, D.D. (2013) ‘Longevity insurance annuities in 401(k) plans and IRAs’, Benefits Quarterly 29 (1): 58–62.
Yaari, M.E. (1965) ‘Uncertain lifetime, life insurance, and the theory of the consumer’, The Review of Economic Studies 32 (2): 137–150.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guillemette, M., Martin, T., Cummings, B. et al. Determinants of the Stated Probability of Purchase for Longevity Insurance. Geneva Pap Risk Insur Issues Pract 41, 4–23 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2015.26
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2015.26