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Tamoxifen treatment promotes phosphorylation of the adhesion molecules, p130Cas/BCAR1, FAK and Src, via an adhesion-dependent pathway

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Abstract

Reports that the adhesion-associated molecule p130Cas/BCAR1 promotes resistance to tamoxifen suggested that adhesion-mediated signalling may be altered by tamoxifen treatment. We find that p130Cas/BCAR1 phosphorylation is enhanced in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The effects of estrogen and tamoxifen were assessed independently and in combination, and the results demonstrate that tamoxifen antagonizes estrogen regulation of p130Cas/BCAR1 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation correlates with tamoxifen ER antagonist effects, as phosphorylation effects are replicated by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182, 780. Correspondingly, phosphorylation is not changed in ER-negative cells exposed to tamoxifen. We show that deletion of the p130Cas/BCAR1 substrate domain substantially reduces tamoxifen-induced phosphorylation of p130Cas/BCAR1 and confers enhanced sensitivity to tamoxifen. P130Cas/BCAR1 forms a phosphorylation-dependent signalling complex with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase that promotes adhesion-mediated cell survival. Therefore, we examined the kinetics of p130Cas/BCAR1, Src and FAK phosphorylation over a 14-day time course and find sustained phosphorylation of these molecules after 7 days exposure to tamoxifen. Inhibition of Src kinase is shown to reduce tamoxifen-promoted p130Cas/BCAR1 phosphorylation and reduce cell viability. Stimulation of the Src/FAK/p130Cas/BCAR1 adhesion signalling pathway in tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 cells does not cause increased migration; however, there is Src-dependent phosphorylation of the cell survival molecule Akt. Correspondingly, Akt inhibition reduces cell viability in cells treated with tamoxifen. We propose that prolonged activation of adhesion-dependent signalling may confer a survival advantage in response to additional cellular insults or alternatively, may poise cells to develop a migratory phenotype in response to additional cellular cues.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Peter Gunning for support and additionally are grateful to Erica Golemis and Rob Sutherland for review of the manuscript. G O'Neill is the NSW Cancer Council Career Development Fellow. L Cowell is supported by an Australian Post-graduate Award and is a Cancer Institute NSW Scholar. C Clarke and D Graham receive support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. A Bouton is supported by grant CA096846 from the NIH-NCI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Focal Adhesion Biology Group, The Oncology Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

    L N Cowell & G M O'Neill

  2. University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

    J D Graham & C L Clarke

  3. Department of Microbiology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    A H Bouton

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  1. L N Cowell
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  2. J D Graham
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  3. A H Bouton
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  4. C L Clarke
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  5. G M O'Neill
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Correspondence to G M O'Neill.

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Cowell, L., Graham, J., Bouton, A. et al. Tamoxifen treatment promotes phosphorylation of the adhesion molecules, p130Cas/BCAR1, FAK and Src, via an adhesion-dependent pathway. Oncogene 25, 7597–7607 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209747

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