Abstract
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is known to have multiple anabolic effects and immune-stimulatory effects. Previous studies suggest that treatment with anabolic hormones also has the potential to mitigate the deleterious effects of cancer cachexia in animals. We studied the effects of plasmid-mediated GHRH supplementation on tumor growth and the role of antitumor immune cells with two different human tumor cell lines, NCI-H358 human bronchioalveolar carcinoma and MDA-MB-468 human breast adenocarcinoma, subcutaneously implanted in nude mice. GHRH supplementation by delivery of human GHRH from a muscle-specific GHRH expression plasmid did not increase tumor progression in tumor-bearing nude mice. Male animals implanted with the NCI-H358 tumor cell line and treated with the GHRH-expressing plasmid exhibited a 40% decrease in the size of the tumors (P<.02), a 48% increase in white blood cells (P<.025) and a 300% increase in monocyte count (P<.0001), as well as an increase in the frequency of activated CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the tumors, compared to tumors of control animals. No adverse effects were observed in animals that received the GHRH-plasmid treatment. The present study shows that physiological stimulation of the GHRH–GH–IGF-I axis in mice with cancer does not promote tumor growth and may provide a viable treatment for cancer cachexia in humans.
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Acknowledgements
We particularly thank Dr Malcolm Brenner and the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy for continuous support and useful discussions. We also thank Dr Jeff Nordstrom and Ms Catherine Tone for the editorial correction of this manuscript. We acknowledge support for this study from ADViSYS, Inc. (The Woodlands, TX).
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Khan, A., Smith, L., Anscombe, I. et al. Growth hormone releasing hormone plasmid supplementation, a potential treatment for cancer cachexia, does not increase tumor growth in nude mice. Cancer Gene Ther 12, 54–60 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700767
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700767
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