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Can an implanted minipump deliver for diabetes patients?

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The FREEDOM studies evaluated exenatide delivered via an implanted minipump in patients with type 2 diabetes; the final study evaluated cardiovascular outcomes but offers up more questions than answers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    John J. V. McMurray

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  1. John J. V. McMurray
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Correspondence to John J. V. McMurray.

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Competing interests

The author declares payments to his employer, Glasgow University, for his work on clinical trials, consulting and other activities: Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Cardurion, Cytokinetics, Dal-Cor, GSK, Ionis, KBP Biosciences, Novartis, Pfizer, Theracos. Personal lecture fees: Abbott, Alkem Metabolics, AstraZeneca, Eris Lifesciences, Hikma, Lupin, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Medscape/Heart.Org, ProAdWise Communications, S & L Solutions Event Management Inc, Radcliffe Cardiology, Servier, the Corpus, Translational Medical Academy, Web MD and (as Director) the Global Clinical Trial Partners Ltd (GCTP).

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McMurray, J.J.V. Can an implanted minipump deliver for diabetes patients?. Nat Med 28, 27–28 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01628-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01628-8

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