References
Kaplan, J. O., Krumhardt, K. M. & Zimmermann, N. Quat. Sci. Rev. 28, 3016–3034 (2009).
Zheng, Z. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2022210118 (2021).
Lewis, S. L. & Maslin, M. A. Nature 519, 171–180 (2015).
Steffen, W. et al. Anthr. Rev. 2, 81–98 (2015).
Ripple, W. J. et al. BioScience 70, 8–12 (2020).
Cohen, J. M., Lajeunesse, M. J. & Rohr, J. R. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 224–228 (2018).
Vitasse, Y. et al. Biol. Rev. 96, 1816–1835 (2021).
Aono, Y. & Kazui, K. Int. J. Climatol. 28, 905–914 (2008).
Sparks, T. H. & Carey, P. D. J. Ecol. 83, 321–329 (1995).
Ge, Q. et al. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 119, 301–311 (2014).
IPCC Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).
Post, E., Steinman, B. A. & Mann, M. E. Sci. Rep. 8, 3927 (2018).
Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Bioscience 62, 170–181 (2012).
Kharouba, H. M. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 5211–5216 (2018).
Richardson, A. D. et al. Agric. For. Meteorol. 169, 156–173 (2013).
Parker, D. E., Legg, T. P. & Folland, C. K. Int. J. Climatol. 12, 317–342 (1992).
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to all recorders and institutions that provided phenological observations for the different long-term time series for decades and centuries. Y.V. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (research grant no. 315230_192712) and the SwissForestLab (research grant no. SFL-17 P2). C.M.Z. is funded by the Ambizione grant (grant no. PZ00P3_193646).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vitasse, Y., Baumgarten, F., Zohner, C.M. et al. The great acceleration of plant phenological shifts. Nat. Clim. Chang. 12, 300–302 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01283-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01283-y
- Springer Nature Limited