References
Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization fact sheet. 2018; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
Tomiyama AJ, Carr D, Granberg EM, Major B, Robinson E, Sutin AR, et al. How and why weight stigma drives the obesity ‘epidemic’ and harms health. BMC Med. 2018;16:123 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5.
Bray GA, Greenway FL, Barry RE, Benfield JR, Fiser RL, Dahms WT, et al. Surgical treatment of obesity: a review of our experience and an analysis of published reports. Int J Obes. 1977;1:331–67.
Bray GA, Dahms WT, Atkinson RL, Mena I, Schwartz A. Factors controlling food intake: a comparison of dieting and intestinal bypass. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33(2 Suppl):376–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/33.2.376.
Atkinson RL. Obesity surgery as a model for understanding the regulation of food intake and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:184–5.
Atkinson RL, Brent EL. Appetite suppressant activity in plasma of rats after intestinal bypass surgery. Am J Physiol. 1982;243:R60–4.
Atkinson RL, Brent EL, Wagner BS, Whipple JH. Energy balance and regulation of body weight after intestinal bypass surgery in rats. Am J Physiol. 1983;245:R658–63.
Atkinson RL, Brent EL, Whipple JH. Altered dietary preference for fat and sucrose after intestinal bypass surgery in rats. Int J Obes. 1982;6:499–506.
Koopmans HS, Sclafani A, Fichtner C, Aravich PF. The effects of ileal transposition on food intake and body weight loss in VMH-obese rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;35:284–93.
Atkinson RL, Whipple JH, Atkinson SH, Stewart CC. Role of the small bowel in regulating food intake in rats. Am J Physiol. 1982;242:R429–33.
Boozer CN, Choban PS, Atkinson RL. Ileal transposition surgery attenuates the increased efficiency of weight gain on a high-fat diet. Int J Obes. 1990;14:869–78.
Atkinson RL, Kaiser DL. Nonphysician supervision of a very-low-calorie diet. Results 200 cases. Int J Obes. 1981;5:237–41.
Russ CS, Ciavarella PA, Atkinson RL. A comprehensive outpatient weight reduction program: dietary patterns, psychological considerations, and treatment principles. J Am Diet Assoc. 1984;84:444–6.
Atkinson RL, Kaiser DL. Effects of calorie restriction and weight loss on glucose and insulin levels in obese humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 1985;4:411–9.
Chen DC, Stern JS, Atkinson RL. Effects of ileal transposition on food intake, dietary preference, and weight gain in Zucker obese rats. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:R269–73.
Atkinson RL, Blank RC, Schumacher D, Dhurandhar NV, Ritch DL. Long-term drug treatment of obesity in a private practice setting. Obes Res. 1997;5:578–86.
Whigham LD, Dhurandhar NV, Rahko PS, Atkinson RL. Comparison of combinations of drugs for treatment of obesity: body weight and echocardiographic status. Int J Obes. 2007;31:850–7.
Lyons MJ, Faust IM, Hemmes RB, Buskirk DR, Hirsch J, Zabriskie JB. A virally induced obesity syndrome in mice. Science. 1982;216:82–5.
Dhurandhar NV, Kulkarni P, Ajinkya SM, Sherikar A. Effect of adenovirus infection on adiposity in chicken. Vet Microbiol. 1992;31:101–7.
Dhurandhar NV, Israel BA, Kolesar JM, Mayhew GF, Cook ME, Atkinson RL. Increased adiposity in animals due to a human virus. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:989–96.
Dhurandhar NV, Whigham LD, Abbott DH, Schultz-Darken NJ, Israel BA, Bradley SM, et al. Human adenovirus Ad-36 promotes weight gain in male rhesus and marmoset monkeys. J Nutr. 2002;132:3155–60.
Atkinson RL, Dhurandhar NV, Allison DB, Bowen RL, Israel BA, Albu JB, et al. Human adenovirus-36 is associated with increased body weight and paradoxical reduction of serum lipids. Int J Obes. 2005;29:281–6.
Yamada T, Hara K, Kadowaki T. Association of adenovirus 36 infection with obesity and metabolic markers in humans: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e42031 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042031.
Na HN, Nam JH. Proof-of-concept for a virus-induced obesity vaccine; vaccination against the obesity agent adenovirus 36. Int J Obes. 2014;38:1470–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2014.41.
Look AHEAD Research Group, Wing RR, Bolin P, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Clark JM, Coday M, et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:145–54. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1212914.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Atkinson, R.L. A personal look at the past and future of obesity science. Eur J Clin Nutr 74, 215–219 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0509-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0509-7
- Springer Nature Limited