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Prostate cancer

AR aberrations and resistance to abiraterone or enzalutamide

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Resistance to abiraterone or enzalutamide is a major medical burden — the duration of benefit is highly variable and cross-resistance often occurs when these two agents are given sequentially. Blood-based analysis of androgen receptor splice variants and AR copy number gain or mutations could enhance understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and improve management of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gerhardt Attard is at the Centre of Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK; and at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK.,

    Gerhardt Attard

  2. and at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK.,

    Gerhardt Attard

  3. Emmanuel S. Antonarakis is at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1–1M45, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,

    Emmanuel S. Antonarakis

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  1. Gerhardt Attard
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Correspondence to Gerhardt Attard or Emmanuel S. Antonarakis.

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Competing interests

G.A. has received honoraria, consulting fees or travel support from Astellas, Medivation, Janssen, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Ventana, Bayer, Essa Pharma, Abbott Labs, Novartis, Veridex and Sanofi-Aventis, and grant support from Janssen, AstraZeneca, Innocrin and Arno. The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) developed abiraterone and, therefore, has a commercial interest in this agent. G.A. is on the ICR list of rewards to inventors for abiraterone. E.S.A. has served as a paid consultant and/or adviser for Janssen, Astellas, Essa, and Medivation; has received research funding to his institution from Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Medivation, and Tokai; and is a coinventor of a biomarker technology that has been licensed to Tokai.

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Attard, G., Antonarakis, E. AR aberrations and resistance to abiraterone or enzalutamide. Nat Rev Urol 13, 697–698 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2016.212

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