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Advances in thermometry

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The past 25 years have seen tremendous progress in thermometry across the moderate temperature range of 1 K to 1,235 K. Various primary thermometers, based on a wide range of different physics, have uncovered errors in the International Temperature Scale of 1990, and set the stage for the planned redefinition of the kelvin.

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Figure 1: Acoustic gas thermometers.
Figure 2: Two arrays, each with ten superconducting/normal/superconducting-metal Josephson junctions on a 1 cm2 chip.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Michael R. Moldover, Weston L. Tew and Howard W. Yoon are at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA,

    Michael R. Moldover, Weston L. Tew & Howard W. Yoon

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  1. Michael R. Moldover
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  2. Weston L. Tew
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  3. Howard W. Yoon
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Correspondence to Michael R. Moldover, Weston L. Tew or Howard W. Yoon.

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Moldover, M., Tew, W. & Yoon, H. Advances in thermometry. Nature Phys 12, 7–11 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3618

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