Nanoparticles can have an adverse impact on cells, even when there is a barrier between the cells and the source of the nanoparticles. Both direct and indirect effects should therefore be included in assessments of nanoparticle safety.
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Myllynen, P. Damaging DNA from a distance. Nature Nanotech 4, 795–796 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.365
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.365
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