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Unmet expectations: The brain minds

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Addiction research has become increasingly focused on how addictive drugs affect neural signaling within the brain's reward circuitry. New work shows that the frustration of not receiving drugs when they are expected can also affect the inner workings of reward circuits.

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Figure 1: The nucleus accumbens and reward-related states in normal rats and in rats with extinguished drug self-administration habits: a working model.

Debbie Maizels

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA

    William A. Carlezon Jr.

  2. Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Roy A. Wise

Authors
  1. William A. Carlezon Jr.
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  2. Roy A. Wise
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Correspondence to William A. Carlezon Jr..

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Carlezon, W., Wise, R. Unmet expectations: The brain minds. Nat Med 9, 15–16 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0103-15

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