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Yoking OX40 to regulation of IL-9

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The secretion of cytokines by helper T cells is affected by the cytokine environment and by costimulatory signals. Engagement of the receptor OX40 on T cells increases expression of the transcription factor TRAF6, activates the alternative transcription factor NF-κB pathway and induces the production of interleukin 9.

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Figure 1: OX40 induces IL-9 in differentiating TH9 cells.

Debbie Maizels

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ritobrata Goswami and Mark H. Kaplan are with the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,

    Ritobrata Goswami & Mark H Kaplan

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  1. Ritobrata Goswami
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  2. Mark H Kaplan
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Correspondence to Mark H Kaplan.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Goswami, R., Kaplan, M. Yoking OX40 to regulation of IL-9. Nat Immunol 13, 942–943 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2421

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