Upwelling within the highly productive Benguela current off the Namibian coast began in, and intensified throughout, the Neogene epoch. Model simulations indicate its development was intimately connected to evolving topography and mountain uplift in Africa.
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Etourneau, J. Tectonically driven upwelling. Nature Geosci 7, 698–699 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2258
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2258
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