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Energy budget constraints on climate response

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Figure 1: Observations of the global energy budget and their implications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK

    Alexander Otto, Friederike E. L. Otto & Myles R. Allen

  2. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL/CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France

    Olivier Boucher

  3. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Hobart, Castray Esplanade, Hobart Tasmani, 7000, Australia

    John Church

  4. Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK

    Gabi Hegerl

  5. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Piers M. Forster

  6. Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, PO Box 3065 STNCSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

    Nathan P. Gillett

  7. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, PO Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK

    Jonathan Gregory

  8. NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, 98115, Washington, USA

    Gregory C. Johnson

  9. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland

    Reto Knutti & Ulrike Lohmann

  10. Walden, Widcombe Hill, Bath, BA2 6ED, UK

    Nicholas Lewis

  11. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstraße 53, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany

    Jochem Marotzke & Bjorn Stevens

  12. CICERO, P.O. Box 1129 Blindern, Oslo, N-0318, Norway

    Gunnar Myhre

  13. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, 10025, New York, USA

    Drew Shindell

  14. Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK

    Myles R. Allen

Authors
  1. Alexander Otto
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  2. Friederike E. L. Otto
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  4. John Church
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  5. Gabi Hegerl
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  6. Piers M. Forster
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  7. Nathan P. Gillett
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  8. Jonathan Gregory
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  9. Gregory C. Johnson
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  10. Reto Knutti
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  11. Nicholas Lewis
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  12. Ulrike Lohmann
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  13. Jochem Marotzke
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  14. Gunnar Myhre
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  15. Drew Shindell
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  16. Bjorn Stevens
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  17. Myles R. Allen
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Contributions

O.B., J.C., G.H., P.F., N.P.G., J.G., G.C.J., R.K., N.L., U.L., J.M., G.M., D.S., B.S., and M.R.A. conceived the analysis and designed the headline figure. P.M.F. provided the forcing data and estimates. G.C.J. provided the heat content data. A.O. conducted the analysis and produced the figures. A.O., F.E.L.O., M.R.A., P.M.F., O.B., and G.C.J contributed to writing the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander Otto.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Otto, A., Otto, F., Boucher, O. et al. Energy budget constraints on climate response. Nature Geosci 6, 415–416 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1836

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