In the auroral region, solitary plasma waves form in a low-density plasma when energetic electron beams hit and energize ambient ions to escape velocity. Electromagnetic waves from lightning trigger similar plasma behaviour in the equatorial ionosphere.
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Kelley, M. Waves from whistlers. Nature Geosci 1, 93–94 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo112
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo112
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