References
Anonymous. GWG Life becomes first insurtech firm to collect epigenetic samples to analyze biomarkers of life insurance policy owners. https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/03/02/930557/0/en/GWG-Life-Becomes-First-Insurtech-Firm-to-Collect-Epigenetic-Samples-to-Analyze-Biomarkers-of-Life-Insurance-Policy-Owners.html (2017).
Chen, B.H. et al. Aging 8, 1844–1865 (2016).
Cloud, J. Why your DNA isn't your destiny. Time http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1952313-2,00.html (2010).
Moskowitz, X. et al. Sci. Immunol. 2, 1–2 (2016).
Sen, D.R. et al. Science 354, 1165–1169 (2016).
Qu, K. et al. Cancer Cell 32, 27–41.e4 (2017).
Joehanes, R. et al. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 9, 436–447 (2016).
Snyder, M.W., Kircher, M., Hill, A.J., Daza, R.M. & Shendure, J. Cell 164, 57–68 (2016).
Soon, W.W., Hariharan, M. & Snyder, M.P. Mol. Syst. Biol. 9, 640 (2013).
Fraga, M.F. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10604–10609 (2005).
Castillo-Fernandez, J.E., Spector, T.D. & Bell, J.T. Genome Med. 6, 60 (2014).
McGuire, A.L., Caulfield, T. & Cho, M.K. Nat. Rev. Genet. 9, 152–156 (2008).
Allis, C.D. & Jenuwein, T. Nat. Rev. Genet. 17, 487–500 (2016).
Buenrostro, J.D., Giresi, P.G., Zaba, L.C., Chang, H.Y. & Greenleaf, W.J. Nat. Methods 10, 1213–1218 (2013).
Adey, A. & Shendure, J. Genome Res. 22, 1139–1143 (2012).
Schmidl, C., Rendeiro, A.F., Sheffield, N.C. & Bock, C. Nat. Methods 12, 963–965 (2015).
Fraser, M. et al. Nature 541, 359–364 (2017).
Soshnev, A.A., Josefowicz, S.Z. & Allis, C.D. Mol. Cell 62, 681–694 (2016).
Jiang, L. et al. Genome Res. 21, 1543–1551 (2011).
Zook, J.M. et al. Sci. Data 3, 160025 (2016).
Gray, K.A., Seal, R.L., Tweedie, S., Wright, M.W. & Bruford, E.A. Hum. Genomics 10, 6 (2016).
Mockus, S.M., Patterson, S.E., Statz, C., Bult, C.J. & Tsongalis, G.J. Clin. Chem. 62, 442–448 (2016).
Wright, M.W. & Bruford, E.A. Hum. Genomics 5, 90–98 (2011).
Kellis, M. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6131–6138 (2014).
The ENCODE Project Consortium. Nature 489, 57–74 (2012).
Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium. Nature 518, 317–330 (2015).
The FANTOM Consortium. Nature 507, 455–461 (2014).
Malladi, V.S. et al. Database 2015, bav010 (2015).
Newman, A.M. et al. Nat. Med. 20, 548–554 (2014).
Fan, H.C. et al. Nature 487, 320–324 (2012).
Acknowledgements
We thank J.A. Stamatoyannopoulos (U. Washington), C.-T. Wu (Harvard Medical School) and J. Schloss (NHGRI) for input. We thank the National Human Genome Research Institute for support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
H.Y.C. is a co-founder and serves on the SAB of Accent Therapeutics and Epinomics; G.C. has the following financial interests (arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/tech.html); A.D. is CEO of Before Brands; J.R.E. is a member of the scientific advisory board of Epinomics and Pathway Genomics; E.G. is the co-founder and chairman of Color Genomics and an investor in WholeBiome, Karius, Epinomics, and Encoded Genomics; P.G.G. is a co-founder of Epinomics; W.J.G. is a co-founder of Epinomics; C.H. is a scientific founder of Accent Therapeutics; M.P.S. is a founder and member of the science advisory board of Personalis and Qbio, and a science advisory board member of Genapsys and Epinomics; J.T. is an employee of 23andMe; M.V. serves as a member of the SAB of seqWell.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carter, A., Chang, H., Church, G. et al. Challenges and recommendations for epigenomics in precision health. Nat Biotechnol 35, 1128–1132 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4030
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4030
- Springer Nature America, Inc.
This article is cited by
-
Repetitive element transcript accumulation is associated with inflammaging in humans
GeroScience (2024)
-
Biomarkers in critical care nutrition
Critical Care (2020)
-
Big Data Approaches in Heart Failure Research
Current Heart Failure Reports (2020)
-
Omics Biomarkers in Obesity: Novel Etiological Insights and Targets for Precision Prevention
Current Obesity Reports (2020)
-
Points-to-consider on the return of results in epigenetic research
Genome Medicine (2019)