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Toll we meet again . . .

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Remodeling of chromatin, distinct from activation of NF-κB, is a newly identified function of Toll-like receptors in mammals. In Drosophila , Toll receptors play a role in development as well as immunity; yet in mammals, they have an immunological role only. Further clues to the evolutionary development of the Toll receptors are emerging.

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Figure 1: In the animal kingdom, three structural groupings of TIR domains are currently known.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA

    Bruce Beutler & Alexander Poltorak

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  1. Bruce Beutler
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  2. Alexander Poltorak
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Beutler, B., Poltorak, A. Toll we meet again . . .. Nat Immunol 2, 9–10 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/83222

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