Membrane transporter proteins switch between conformational states to move substrates across membranes. The transition between these states can now be studied using single-molecule experiments.
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Karpowich, N., Wang, DN. Transporter in the spotlight. Nature 465, 171–172 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/465171a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/465171a
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