How cells sense nutrients to control growth is largely unknown. One missing link involved in conveying the nutrient signal to the TOR protein, which regulates growth, seems to be the Rag proteins.
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Zinzalla, V., Hall, M. Linking nutrients to growth. Nature 454, 287–288 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/454287a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/454287a
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