Light always travels at the same speed in a vacuum, no more, no less. But in materials, there's room for manoeuvre: tweak the right material in the right way, and exciting optoelectronic properties result.
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Wiersma, D. Light reined in. Nature 452, 942–943 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/452942a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/452942a
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