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Smoke signals for lung disease

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A group of proteins that might confer susceptibility to emphysema has been identified. One of them is transforming growth factor-β, and the discovery highlights the many ways of activating this protein in health and disease.

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Figure 1: Effects of activating and inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the lungs.

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Correspondence to Anita B. Roberts.

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Roberts, A. Smoke signals for lung disease. Nature 422, 130–131 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/422130a

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