Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Stratospheric CIO and ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

  • Article
  • Published:

From Nature

View current issue Submit your manuscript

Abstract

Concentrations of atmospheric ozone and of CIO (the predominant form of reactive chlorine responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion) are reported for both the Arctic and Antarctic winters of the past 18 months. Chlorine in the lower stratosphere was almost completely converted to chemically reactive forms in both the northern and southern polar winter vortices. This occurred in the south long before the development of the Antarctic ozone hole, suggesting that ozone loss can be masked by influx of ozone-rich air.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Molina, M. J. & Rowland, F. S. Nature 249, 810–812 (1974).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G. & Shanklin, J. D. Nature 315, 207–210 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. de Zafra, R. L. et al. Nature 328, 408–411 (1987).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, J. G., Brune, W. H. & Proffitt, M. H. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11,465–11,479 (1989).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Solomon, S., Garcia, R. R., Rowland, F. S. & Wuebbles, D. J. Nature 321, 755–758 (1986).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Molina, M. J., Tso, T. L., Molina, L. T. & Wang, F. C. Y. Science 238, 1253–1257 (1987).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Solomon, S. Nature 347, 347–354 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brune, W. H., Toohey, D. W., Anderson, J. G. & Chan, K. R. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 505–508 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Proffitt, M. H. et al. Nature 347, 31–36 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stolarski, R. et al. Science 256, 342–349 (1992).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Reber, C. A. Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 71, No. 51 (December 1990).

  12. Waters, J. W. in Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry (ed Janssen, M. A.) ch. 8 (Wiley, New York, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Barath, F. T. et al. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).

  14. Jarnot, R. F. & Cofield, R. E. The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Calibration Report, JPL Document D-9393 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, 1991).

  15. Rodgers, C. D. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 14, 609–624 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Brasseur, G. P., Granier, C. & Walters, S. Nature 348, 626–628 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rodriguez, J. M., Ko, M. K. W. & Sze, N. D. Nature 352, 134–137 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brasseur, G. & Granier, C. Science 257, 1239–1242 (1992).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J. & Golden, D. M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 847–850 (1988).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. King, J. C. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 2273–2276 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stachnik, R. A., Hardy, J. C., Tarsala, J. A., Waters, J. W. & Erickson, N. R. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 1931–1934 (1992).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hanson, D. & Mauersberger, K. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 855–858 (1988).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McCormick, M. P. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 381–383 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Salby, M. L. J. atmos. Sci. 39, 2577–2600 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lait, L. R. & Stanford, J. L. J. atmos. Sci. 45, 3784–3799 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Clough, S. A., Grahame, N. S. & O'Neill, A. Q. JI R met. Soc. 111, 335–358 (1985).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Randel, W. J. J. atmos. Sci. 44, 3097–3120 (1987).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Swinbank, R. & O'Neill, A. A Stratosphere- Troposphere Data Assimilation System, Climate Res. Tech. Note 35 (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Bracknell, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jones, R. L., McKenna, D. S., Poole, L. R. & Solomon, S. J. geophys. Res. 17, 545–548 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  30. DeMore, W. B. et al. Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling evaluation number 10, Tech. Rep. 92–20 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1992).

  31. Kettleborough, J. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett (submitted).

  32. Lefèvre, F. et al. Nature (submitted).

  33. Rodriguez, J. M. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 16683–16703 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone, 1991 (WMO Geneva, 1991).

  35. Schoeberl, M. R., Lait, L. R., Newman, P. A. & Rosenfield, J. E. J. geophys. Res. 97, 7858–7882 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Molina, L. T. & Molina, M. J. Phys. Chem. 91, 433–436 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Anderson, J. G. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11480–11520 (1989).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. McElroy, M. B., Salawitch, R. J., Wofsy, S. C. & Logan, J. A. Nature 321, 759–762 (1986).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Toohey, D. W., Anderson, J. G., Brune, W. H. & Chan, K. R. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 513–516 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Sanders, R. W. et al. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).

  41. Solomon, S. et al. Nature (in the press).

  42. Hartmann, D. L., et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11625–11640 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tuck, A. F. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11687–11737 (1989).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Toon, O. B., Turco, R. P. & Hamil, P. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 445–448 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wofsy, S. C., Salawitch, R. J., Yatteau, J. H. & McElroy, M. B. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 449–452 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Schoeberl, M. R. & Hartmann, D. L. Science 251, 46–52 (1991).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. World Meteorological Organization Rep. int. Ozone Trends Panel 1988. WMO Global Ozone Res. Monitoring Proj. Rep. No. 18 (WMO, Geneva, 1988).

  48. Benedick, R. E. Ozone Diplomacy (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Blake, D. R. & Rowland, F. S. Science 239, 1129–1131 (1988).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Johnston, H. S., Kinnison, D. E. & Wuebbles, D. J. J. geophys. Res. 94, 16351–16363 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hofmann, D. J. Science 248, 996–1000 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Austin, J., Butchart, N. & Shine, K. P. Nature 360, 221–225 (1992).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. R. S. Harwood: Department of Meteorology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91109, USA

    J. W. Waters, L. Froidevaux, W. G. Read, G. L. Manney, L. S. Elson, D. A. Flower, R. F. Jarnot & R. S. Harwood

Authors
  1. J. W. Waters
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Froidevaux
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. G. Read
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. L. Manney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. S. Elson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. A. Flower
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. R. F. Jarnot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. R. S. Harwood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Waters, J., Froidevaux, L., Read, W. et al. Stratospheric CIO and ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Nature 362, 597–602 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1038/362597a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/362597a0

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Search

Navigation