Abstract
Strong evidence for nitric acid condensation at altitudes of about 18–23 km is provided by balloon-and rocket-borne measurements made near Kiruna, northern Sweden, in January 1989. Nitric acid con-densation is believed to be a necessary step in the chemical pre-conditioning required for chlorine-catalysed ozone destruction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Crutzen, P. & Arnold, F. Nature 324, 651–655 (1986).
Toon, O. B., Hamill, P., Turco, R. P. & Pinto, J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1284–1287 (1986).
Crutzen, P. J., Bruhl, C., Schmailzl, U. & Arnold, F. in Aerosols and Climate (eds McCormick, M. P. & Hobbs, P. V.) (Deepak, Hampton, in the press).
McElroy, M. B., Salawitch, R. J. & Wofsy, S. C. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1296–1299 (1986).
Hamill, P., Toon, O. B. & Turco, R. P. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1288–1291 (1986).
Hamill, P., Turco, R. P. & Toon, O. B. J. atmos. Chem. 7, 287–315 (1988).
Wofsy, S. C., Molina, M. J., Salawitch, R. J., Fox, L. E. & McElroy, M. B. J. geophys. Res. 93, 2442–2450 (1988).
Turco, R. P., Toon, O. B. & Hamill, P. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).
Molina, L. T. & Molina, M. J. J. phys. Chem. 91, 433–436 (1987).
Molina, M. J., Tso, T.-L., Molina, L. T. & Wang, F. C.-Y. Science 238, 1253–1257 (1987).
Rossi, M. J., Malhotra, R. & Golden, D. M. Geophys. Res. Lett 14, 127–130 (1987).
Hanson, D. & Mauersberger, K. J. phys. Chem. 92, 6167–6170 (1988).
Hanson, D. & Mauersberger, K. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 855–858 (1988).
Leu, M.-T. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 17–20 (1988).
Leu, M.-T. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 851–854 (1988).
Leu, M.-T. Polar Ozone Workshop, Snowmass, Colorado, 1988.
Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J., Malhotra, R. & Golden, D. M. Science 238, 1258–1260 (1987).
Wolff, E. W. & Mulvaney, R. Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 487–490 (1989).
Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J. & Golden, D. M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 847–850 (1988).
Arnold, F. & Knop, G. Nature 318, 746–749 (1989).
Fahey, D. W. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11299–11315 (1989).
Ferry, G., McCormick, M. P., Pueschel, R. F. & Livingston, J. M. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).
Gandrud, B. W. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11286–11297 (1989).
Pueschel, R. F. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11271–11284 (1989).
Kinne, S., Toon, O. B., Toon, G., Farmer, C. B. & Browell, E. V. J. geophys. Res. (in the press).
Arnold, F. & Hauck, G. Nature 315, 307–309 (1985).
Knop, G. & Arnold, F. Planet. Space Sci. 33, 983–986 (1985).
Arnold, F., Knop, G. & Ziereis, H. Nature 321, 505–507 (1986).
Knop, G. & Arnold, F. Planet. Space Sci. 35, 259–266 (1987).
Arnold, F. & Knop, G. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 81, 33–44 (1987).
Möhler, O. & Arnold, F. J. atmos. Chem. (submitted).
Hofmann, D. J. et al. Nature 340, 117–121 (1989).
Salawitch, R. J., Cobb, G. P., Wofsy, S. C. & McElroy, M. B. Nature 339, 525–527 (1989).
Russell, J. M. Adv. Space Res. 4, 107–116 (1984).
Russell, J. M. et al. J. geophys. Res. 89, 5115–5124 (1984).
Kiehl, J. T., Boville, B. A. & Briegleb, B. P. Nature 332, 501–504 (1988).
Schlager, H. & Arnold, F. Geophys. Res. Lett. (in the press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arnold, F., Schlager, H., Hoffmann, J. et al. Evidence for stratospheric nitric acid condensation from balloon and rocket measurements in the Arctic. Nature 342, 493–497 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/342493a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/342493a0
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
Flow reactor and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer investigations of negative ion reactions involving nitric acid: Implications for atmospheric HNO3 detection by chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (1991)
-
Observations of denitrification and dehydration in the winter polar stratospheres
Nature (1990)
-
Heterogeneous reactions on nitric acid trihydrate
Nature (1990)
-
A diagnostic for denitrification in the winter polar stratospheres
Nature (1990)