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Stopping of earthquake ruptures at dilational fault jogs

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Abstract

Palaeoseismic studies over the past several years have indicated that segments of certain major faults tend to rupture at fairly regular intervals in characteristic earthquakes of about the same size1. This implies the presence of local structural controls which govern the nucleation and stopping of ruptures. Understanding rupture arrest is important, not only because it governs the size of characteristic earthquakes, but also because deceleration of ruptures results in the radiation of high-frequency energy leading to strong ground motion2. I show here that rapid opening of linking extensional fracture systems to allow passage of earthquake ruptures through dilational fault jogs in fluid-saturated crusts is opposed by transient suctional forces induced near the rupture tips3. Rupture arrest may then be followed by delayed slip transfer as fluid pressures re-equilibrate by diffusion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA

    Richard H. Sibson

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  1. Richard H. Sibson
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Sibson, R. Stopping of earthquake ruptures at dilational fault jogs. Nature 316, 248–251 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/316248a0

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