Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reflections on Macrophysics and the Sun (Special Historical Review)

  • Published:
Solar Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Babcock, H. W.: 1947, Astrophys. J. 105, 105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babcock, H. W.: 1958, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 3, 141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babcock, H. W. and Babcock, H. D.: 1955, Astrophys. J. 121, 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahcall, J. and Halzen, F.: 1996, Physics World September, p. 41.

  • Beckers, J. W. and Schröter, E. H.: 1968, Solar Phys. 4, 142, 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beer, J., Blinov, A., Bonani, G., Finkel, R. C., Hofman, H. J., Lehman, B., Oeschger, H., Sigg, A., Schwander, J., Staffelbach, T., Stauffer, B., Suter, M., and Wolf, W.: 1990, Nature 347, 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethe, H. A.: 1939, Phys. Rev. 55, 434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethe, H. A. and Critchfield, C. L.: 1938, Phys. Rev. 54, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann, L.: 1948, Z. Astrophys. 45, 161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann, L.: 1951, Z. Astrophys. 29, 274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann, L.: 1952, Z. Naturforsch. 7a, 127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann, L.: 1953, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège 13(4), 291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann, L.: 1957, Observatory 107, 109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings, D. E.: 1959, Astrophys. J. 130, 961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boruta, N.: 1996, Astrophys. J. 458, 832.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, D. W. and Levy, E. N.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 277, 848.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnight, T. R.: 1949, Phys. Rev. 76, 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1931, Astrophys. J. 24, 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1935, Astrophys. J. 25, 207, 276, 676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1944, Astrophys. J. 100, 176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1950, Radiative Transfer, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1969, Amer. J. Phys. 37, 577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S. and Breen, F. H.: 1946, Astrophys. J. 104, 340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S. and Münch, G.: 1946, Astrophys. J. 104, 446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S. and Elbert, D. D.: 1958, Astrophys. J. 128, 633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, G.: 1953, Astrophys. J. 191, 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S.: 1954, Astrophys. J. 120, 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S.: 1957, Smithsonian Contrib. Astrophys. 2, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S.: 1958, Proc. Phys. Soc. 72, 353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S.: 1959, <it Proc. Roy. Soc. London A253, 462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. and Ferarro, V. C. A.: 1931, Terrest. Mag. Atmospheric Electr. 36, 77, 171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. and Ferarro, V. C. A.: 1932, Terrest. Mag. Atmospheric Electr. 37, 147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. and Ferarro, V. C. A.: 1933, Terrest. Mag. Atmospheric Electr. 38, 79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. and Ferarro, V. C. A.: 1940, Terrest. Mag. Atmospheric Electr. 35, 245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clerke, A. M.: 1894, Knowledge 17, 206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowling, T. G.: 1934, Montly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 94, 768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowling, T. G.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dessler, A. J.: 1967, Rev. Geophys. 5, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • D'Silva, S.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 407, 385.

    Google Scholar 

  • D'Silva, S. and Choudhuri, A. R.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. 272, 621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey, J. W.: 1953, Phil. Mag. 44, 725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durney, B.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 407, 367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddington. A. S.: 1926, The Internal Constitution of the Stars, Dover Publ., New York, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. A.: 1976, Science 192, 1189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. A.: 1977a, Climate Change 1, 173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. A.: 1977b, Sci. American 236, 80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. A.: 1980, in R. O. Pepin, J. A. Eddy, and R. I. Merrill (eds), The Ancient Sun, Pergamon, New York, p. 119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, J. A.: 1989, Solar Phys. 89, 195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edlen, B.: 1942, Z. Astrophys. 22, 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emden, R.: 1907, Gaskugeln, Teubner.

  • Fan, Y., Fisher, G. H., and DeLuca, E. E.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 405, 390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, G. B.: 1989, in K. Moffat and A. Tsinober (eds), Topological Fluid Dynamics, IUTAM Symp., 13-18 August, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, R. H.: 1976, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 87, 114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbush, S. E.: 1946, Phys. Rev. 70, 771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frazier, E. N. and Stenflo, J. O.: 1972, Solar Phys. 27, 330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H.: 1961, in J. W. Evans (ed.), 16th IAU Symp., Cloudcroft, New Mexico, Academic Publishers, New York. p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H., Lichtman, S. W., and Byram, E. T.: 1951, Phys. Rev. 83, 1025.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friis-Christensen, E. and Lassen, K.: 1991, Science 254, 698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaizauskas, V., Harvey, K. L., Harvey, J. W., and Zwaan, C.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 265, 1056.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovanelli, R. G.: 1947, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 107, 338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovanelli, R. G.: 1948, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 108, 163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, L.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, Univerity Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golub, L.: 1991, in P. Ulmschneider, E. R. Priest, and R. Rosner (eds), Mechanics of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golub, L., Davis, J., and Krieger, A. S.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 229, L229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golub, L., Herant, M., Kalata, K., Lovar, J., Nystrom, G., Pardo, F., Spillar, E., and Wilczynski, J.: 1990, Nature 344, 842.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grad, H.: 1984, Proc. Workshop on Mathematical Aspects of Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, p. 253.

  • Golub, L. and Vaiana, G. S.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 235, L119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grotrian, W.: 1931, Z. Astrophys. 3, 199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grotrian, W.: 1933, Z. Astrophys. 7, 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grotrian, W.: 1939, Naturwiss. 27, 214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, G. E.: 1908a, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 20, 220, 287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, G. E.: 1908b, Astrophys. J. 28, 100, 315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. and Stenflo, J. O.: 1972, Solar Phys. 22, 402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, D. V., Kyle, K. L., Hickey, J. R., and Maschhoff, R. N.: 1992, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hundhausen, A. J.: 1972, Coronal Expansion and the Solar Wind, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiepenheuer, K. O.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, F. and Rädler, K. H.: 1980, Mean Field Magnetohydrodynamics, and Dynamo Theory, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, J. H.: 1869, Amer. J. Sci. 50, 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leighton, R. B.: 1963, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, W. and Harvey, J.: 1969, Solar Phys. 10, 294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, W. and Harvey, J.: 1971, in R. Howard (ed.), ‘Solar Magnetic Fields’, IAU Symp. 43, 51.

  • Longcope, D. W., and Strauss, H. R.: 1994, Astrophys. J. 437, 851.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, B. C.: 1996, Solar Phys. 167, 217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyot, B.: 1939, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 99, 580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S.: 1988, Solar Phys. 117, 243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S. and Harvey, K. L.: 1979, Solar Phys. 59, 105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maunder, E. W.: 1894, Knowledge 17, 133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, P. and Simpson, J. A.: 1954, Phys. Rev. 96, 1085.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, P. and Simpson, J. A.: 1957, Phys. Rev. 106, 568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, P., Parker, E. N., and Simpson, J. A.: 1956, Phys. Rev. 104, 768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minnaert, M.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, University Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffatt, H. K.: 1978, Magnetic Field Generation in Electrically Conducting Fluids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, P. and Schatzman, E.: 1996, Axtron. Astrophys. 310, 982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ness, N. F., Hundhausen, A. J., and Bame, S. J.: 1971, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 6643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ness, N. F., Scearce, C. S., and Seek, J. B.: 1964, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 3531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1955a, Astrophys. J. 121, 491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1955b, Astrohys. J. 122, 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1957a, Phys. Rev. 107, 830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1957b, Geophys. Res. 62, 509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1957c, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 43, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1958, Astrophys. J. 128, 664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E, N.: 1961, Astrophys. J. 133, 1014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1963, Interplanetary Dynamical Processes, Interscience Div. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1965a, Astrophys. J. 141, 1463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1965b, Space Sci. Rev. 4, 666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 145, 811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1969, Space Sci. Rev. 9, 325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 174, 499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 221, 368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker. E. N.: 1979a, Cosmical Magnetic Fields, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1979b, Astrophys. J. 232, 282, 291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 25, 736, 746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 262, 642.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1991, Phys. Fluids B3, 2652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 406, 707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1994a, Spontaneous Current Sheets in Magnetic Fields, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1994b, Astrophys. J. 433, 867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1994c, in J. M. Pap, C. Fröhlich, H. S. Hudson, and S. K. Solanki (eds), ‘The Sun as a Variable Star’, Proc. IAU Colloq. 143, 264.

  • Parker, E. N.: 1995, Astrophys. J. 440, 415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1996a, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 10587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1996b, in K. S. Tsinganos (ed.), Solar and Astrophysical Magnetohydrodynamic Flows, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, E. N.: 1996c, Astrophys. J. 471, 489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petschek, H. E.: 1964, in W. W. Hess (ed.), The Physics of Solar Flares, AAS-NASA Symp., NASA SP-50, p. 425.

  • Petschek, H. E. and Thorne, R. M.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 147, 1157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, J. G. and Moore, R. L.: 1988, in R. C. Altrock (ed.), Proc. 9th Sacramento Peak Summer Symp. 1987, National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, E. M., Timothy, J. G., Foukal, P. V., Huber, M. C. E., Noyes, R. W., Schmahl, E., Vernazza, J. E., and Withbroe, G. L.: 1976, in M Kent, E. Stuhlinger, and S. T. Wu (eds), Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 48, Amer. Astron. Aeron., New York, p. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribes, J. C. and Nesmes Ribes, E.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. 276, 549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbluth, M. N., Dagazian, R. Y., and Rutherford, P. H.: 1973, Phys. Fluids 16, 1894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, R. and Knobloch, E.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 262, 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, R., Tucker, W. H., and Vaiana, G. S.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 222, 317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseland, S.: 1936 Theoretical Astrophysics, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatzman, E.: 1993, Astron. Astrophys. 279, 431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatzman, E.: 1996, J. Fluid Mech. 322, 355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzschild, M.: 1958, Structure and Evolution of the Stars, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, G. W. and Noyes, R. W.: 1971, in R. Howard (ed.), ‘Solar Magnetic Field’, IAU Symp. 43, 663.

  • Simpson. J. A.: 1954, Phys. Rev. 94, 426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E. A. and Weiss, N. O.: 1980, Nature 287, 616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, H. R. and Otani, H. F.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren, B.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, P. A.: 1958a, ‘Electronic Phenomena Cosmical Physics’, Proc. IAU Symp. 6, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, P. A.: 1958b, Nuovo Cim. Suppl. 8(10), 188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, P. A.: 1969, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 7, 149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tousey, R., Bartoe, J. D. F., Bohlin, J. D., Brueckner, G. E., Purcell, J. D., Scherrer, V. E., Sheeley, N. R., Schumacher, R. J., and Vanhoosier, M. E.: 1973, Solar Phys. 33, 265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood, J. H. et al.: 1976, in M. Kent, E. Stuhlinger, and S. T. Wu (eds), Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Amer. Inst. Astron. Aeron., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaiana, G. S., Davis, J.M., Giacconi, R., Krieger, A. S., Silk, J. K., Timothy, A. F., and Zombeck, M.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 185, L47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vainshtein, S. I., Parker, E. N., and Rosner, R.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 404, 773.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ballegooijen, A. A.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 298, 421.

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Hulst, H. C.: 1953, in G. P. Kuiper (ed.), The Sun, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldmeier, M.: 1945, Mitt. der Aarge Natur. Ges. 22, 185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. B. C., Barbee, T. W., Hoover, R. B., and Lindblom, J. F.: 1988, Science 241, 1781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weizsacher, C. F. von: 1938, Phys. Z. 39, 633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, W. A.: 1963, Astrophys. J. 137, 914.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson, R. C. and Hudson, H. S.: 1988, Nature 332, 810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q., Soon, W. H., Baliunas, S. L., Lockwood, G. W., Skiff, B. A., and Radick, R. R.: 1994, Astrophys. J. 427, L111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwaan, C.: 1978, Solar Phys. 60, 213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwaan, C.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 397.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Enrico Fermi Institute and Departments of Physics and of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, U.S.A

    E. N. Parker

Authors
  1. E. N. Parker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Parker, E.N. Reflections on Macrophysics and the Sun (Special Historical Review). Solar Physics 176, 219–247 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005072231043

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005072231043

Keywords

Search

Navigation