Abstract
A eulerian grid photochemical transport and dispersion model was used to simulate the dry deposition rates of nitrogen (as HNO3) and sulfur (as SO2) in Hiroshima, west Japan. Seasonal patterns of predicted dry deposition fluxes reveal that HNO3 is most prevalent at more remote locations while SO2 is deposited near to and slightly downwind from the major emission sources. The predicted dry deposition rates of HNO3 and SO2 were compared to the values measured at Mt. Gokurakuji (located in Hatsukaichi) and in Hiroshima City. The simulation results show that the model under-predicted (about 44% and 80%, respectively) both nitrogen and sulfur deposition rates at Mt. Gokurakuji and in Hiroshima City, indicating that the acid deposition in Hiroshima prefecture is possibly affected by long-range transboundary transport of acidic pollutants. Comparison of wet to dry deposition ratios (4.5 and 8.7 for nitrogen and 4.6 and 7.0 for sulfur) from the two observation sites above indicates that wet deposition maybe the most important acid deposition pathway in Hiroshima, Japan.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bytnerowicz, A. and Fenn, M.: 1996, Atmospheric Environment 92,2, 127.
Cao, X.: 2000, Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Carmichael, G.R., Peters, L.K. and Saylor, R.D.: 1991, Atmospheric Environment 25A, 2077
Carter W.: 1990, Atmopheric Environment 24A, 481.
Chang, Y. and Carmichael, G.R.: 1989, Atmospheric Environment 23,8, 1749.
Chang, K.H., Jeng, F.T., Tsai, Y.L. and Lin, P.L.: 2000 Atmospheric Environment 34, 3281.
Chiwa, M.: 1998, M.S. Thesis (in Japanese), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Fujita, S., Ichikawa, Y. and Kawaratani, R.K.: 1991, Atmospheric Environment 25A, 1409.
Fujita, S., Tonooka, Y. and Ohta, K.: 1992, J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution (in Japanese) 27,6, 336.
Hanson, P.J. and Lindberg, S.E.: 1991, Atmospheric Environment 25A,8, 1615.
Hedley, M., Mclaren, R., Jiang, W. and Singleton, D.L.: 1997, Atmospheric Environment 31, 1617.
Kim, J.T. and Cho, S.Y.: 1999, Atmospheric Environment 33, 3167.
Kitada, T. and Lee, P.C.S.: 1993, Atmospheric Environment 27A,7, 1077.
Lee, H.S., Kang, C.M., Kang, B.W. and Kim, H.K.: 1999, Atmospheric Environment 33, 3143.
McDonald, K.M., Cheng, L., Olson, M.P. and Angle, R.P.: 1996, Atmospheric Environment 30,17, 2969.
Sakamoto, H. and Yukihiro, K.: 1996, Hiroshima Prefecture Five-Year Acid Rain Report.
Seto, S., Oohara, M. and Ikeda, Y.: 2000, Atmospheric Environment 34, 621.
Scire J.S., Insley E. M. and Yamartino R. J.: 1990b, CARB Report on Contract A5–194–74.
Silibello, C., Calori, G., Brusasca., G., Catenacci, G. and Finzi, G.: 1998, Atmospheric Environment 32,11, 2025.
Sisterson, D.L. (principal author): 1991, Acidic Deposition: SST Report 6, NAPAP, 65–74.
U.S. EPA (1995) User's guide for the Calmet meteorological model, EPA-454/B-95–002
Xu, Y. and Carmichael, G. R.: 1999, Atmospheric Environment 33, 3473.
Yamartino, R. J., Scire, J.S., Hanna, S.R., Carmichael, G.R. and Chang, Y.S.: 1992, Atmospheric Environment 26A, 1493.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sinogaya, J.R., Sakugawa, H. Simulation of Dry Deposition Rates of Acidic Pollutants—An Assessment of Deposition Pathways in Hiroshima, Japan. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 130, 583–588 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013803200594
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013803200594