Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The earthquake of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999

  • Published:
Journal of Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The recent destructive earthquake(MS 7.4) of 17 August 1999 in the Gulf of Izmitin north-west Turkey was not a surprise, neither forits location, large magnitude or for the damage itcaused. Other, equally large magnitude earthquakeshave occurred in the past in the region but we havechosen to present in this paper the earthquake of 10July 1894 because it is one of the two large events tostrike the Gulf of Izmit in the last 105 years, and inmany respects similar to the recent earthquake of 17August 1999 in size, location, and effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Başbakanlik Arşivi, Istanbul: Yildiz Esas Evraki K.14, E., Z.126, K.11.

  2. Ekklesiast. Alethia, 1895, 20, 153, 156–157, 22, 169.

  3. L'Illuistration, 1894.07.28, Paris.

  4. La Nature, 1894, Paris.

  5. Moniteur Oriental, Constantinople, 1894.07.11–16, supplemented by Amaltheia and Armonia, Smyrna, 1894.07.14–09.12.

  6. Missionary Herald.

  7. Nature, 1894.1290, 1302, London.

  8. Sabah, 1894.07.12–20, Istanbul.

  9. Stambul, 1894.07.12–16, Istanbul.

  10. Agamennone, G., 1894, Bull. Météoroligique et Sésmique Observ. Imper. de Constantinople 1, 2–4, Constantinople.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ambraseys, N., 1971, Value of historical records of earthquakes, Nature 232, 375–379.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ambraseys, N., 1992, Soil mechanics and engineering seismology, Proc. 2nd Greek Natl. Conf. on Geotechnical Eng., (inv.pap) Thessaloniki.

  13. Ambraseys, N. and Finkel, C., 1991, Long-term seismicity of Istanbul and the Marmara Sea region, Terra 3, 527–539.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ambraseys, N. and Finkel, C., 1995, The seismicity of Turkey, Eren Press, Istanbul.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ambraseys, N. and Jackson, J., 1998, Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Geophys. J. Int. 133, 390–406.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Anonymous, 1894a, Aus verschiedenen Missionen, Die Katholischen Missionen 10, 241, Bassel.

  17. Anonymous, 1894b, Tremblement de terre de Constantinople, Les Missions Catholiques 26, 343, 353–354, 404, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Anonymous, 1894c, Israelites de Turkie, Bull. de l'Alliance Israel. Univers., 46, Paris.

  19. Anonymous, 1895a, Dossiers Techniques, 19, Societe du Chemin de Fer Ottoman d'Anatolie, Jul. 1895, Vienna.

  20. Anonymous, 1895b, Kurzer Bericht über die Tätigkeit des D.E.K., Mittheil. d. Deutsch. Exkursions – Klubs in Konstantinopel N.F., 2, Konstantinopel.

  21. Antoniadis, E.M., 1907, Ekphrasis tis Hagias Sophias, 31–32, Sakellariou, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Azarian, S.P., 1894, Das Erdbeben in Constantinopel, Das Heilige Land 38, 57–59, beileg. veröff., 1–9, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Badi, Ahmed, Riyad-i belde-yi Edirne, MS., Ktp.B.v.1: 399, Bayazid Library, Istanbul.

  24. Barka, A. and Kadinsky-Cade, K., 1988 Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity, Tectonics 7, 663–684.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Barka, A., 1997, Neotectonics of the Marmara region, Active Tect. Northwestern Anatolia, The Marmara Poly-Project, pp. 55–87, ETH, Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Çezar, M., 1963, Osmanli devrinde Istanbul yapilarinda tahribat yapan yanginlar ve tabii afetler, Turk Sanati Tarihi Arastirma ve Incelemeleri, 1, 382–383, Istanbul.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Davison, C., 1896, The Constantinople earthquake of July 10, 1894, Natural Sci. 8, 6(47), 27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Duck, J., 1904, Die Erdbeben von Konstantinopel, Die Erdbebenwarte, 6–9, 121–139, 10–12, 177–196, see also G. Maas, Himmel und Erde, 1895, 408.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dumont, P., 1900, Une source pour l'etude des communautes juives deTurquie: les archives de l'alliance israelite universelle, Bull. de l'Alliance Israel. Universelle, 118, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Dybowsky, X., 1894, Tremblements de terre de Turquie observes a Adapazar, La Nature 22, 289–291, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Eginitis, D., 1894, Sur le tremblement de terre de Constantinople du 10 juillet 1894, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sie. 119(7), 480–483.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Eginitis, D., 1895, Le tremblement de terre de Constantinople du 10 juillet 1894, Annales de Geographie. 4, 151–165, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Eginitis, D., 1899, Observations sismiques faites en Grece de 1893 a 1898, Annales Observat. Natl. 2, 234–235, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ekstrom, G. and Dziewonski, A., 1988, Evidence of bias in estimation of earthquake size, Nature 332, 319–323.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Finkel, C. and Ambraseys, A., 1995, The Marmara Sea earthquake of 10 July 1894 and its effect on historical buildings, Anatolia Moderna 7, 49–58, Bibl. archaeol. et Hist. Inst. Franc. Archaeol. Istanbul.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Florinesco, A., 1958, Catalogue des tremblements de terre ressentis sur le territoire de la R.P.R., 92, Pub. Acad. Rep. Pop. Romania, Bucurest.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Girard, F., 1894, Le tremblement de terre de Constantinople et sa repercussion en Europe, Revue Geograph. Sept., 256–258.

  38. Gündogdu, O., 1991, 1894 depremi ve Istanbul, Istanbul ve Deprem Semp., 70–84, Pub. TMMOB Insaat Muhend. Odasi, Istanbul.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gündogdu, O., Altinok, Y., Ozer, N. and Kolcak, D., 1991, 1894 depremi ve Istanbul, Jeofizik Kurultayi Bildiri Ozetleri, 41, Istanbul.

  40. Meyer-Plath, B. and Schneider, A.M., 1943, Die Landmauer von Kostantinopel, 10, Publ. Archaeol. Inst. Deutsch. Reiches, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mihailovic, J., 1927, Trusne katastrofe na mramornom moru, Posebna Izdanjia Srpska Kraljev. Akadem. 65, 215–220, Belgrade.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Mihailovic, D., 1951, Catalogue des tremblements de terre epiro-albanais, Publ. Inst. Seism, Beograd. 1, 20, Zagreb.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Millas, A., 1988, I Pringipos, 115–117, 481–482, Publ. Syllogos Histor. Laograph. Erevnas, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Millingen, A. van, 1899, Byzantine Constantinople, John Murray, London.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Milne, J., 1898, On certain disturbances in the records of magnetometers and the occurrence of earthquakes, Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 228.

  46. Mller-Wiener, W., 1977, Bildlexicon zur Topographie Istanbuls, 94, 119, 150, 164, 194, 295, 298, 348, 373, 377, 379, 383, 393, 395, 407, 420, 429, 440, 441, 478, 487, 489, 491, Ernst Wasmuth, Tubingen.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Moureaux, J., 1900, Sur les tremblements de terre de Constantinople, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 119, 251–252.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Öztin, F., 1994, 10 Temmuz 1894 Istanbul depremi raporu, 250, Pub. Baynd. ve Iskan Bakan., Afet Isl. Gen. Mud., Ankara.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Papazachos, C.B., 1992, Anisotropic radiation modelling of macroseismic intensities for estimation of the attenuation structure of the upper crust in Greece, Pageoph. 138, 445–469.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Rebeur-Paschwitz, E., 1895, Horizontalpendel-beobachtungen auf der K. Universitats – Sternwarte z. Strassburg 1892–1894, Beitr. z. Geophys. 2, 519–521, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Rendelmann, O. Bey, 1918, Le tremblement de terre de Constantinople juillet 1894, 9–23, Paris.

  52. Sieberg, A., 1932, Die Erdbeben, In: Gutenberg, B. (ed.), Handbuch der Geophys. 4, 121–122, Berlin.

  53. Tantalides, J.D., 1895, O Seismos. Ekklesiast. Alithia 20, 156–157, Constantinople.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Watzof, S., 1902, Zemletreseniya v Bulgaria priaz xix vieki, 1, 40–43, 86, Tsentr. Meteorol. Stanitsa, Sofia.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Wells, S. and Coppersmith, K., 1994, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture area and surface displacement, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 84, 974–1002.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. N. Ambraseys
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ambraseys, N. The earthquake of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999. Journal of Seismology 5, 117–128 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009871605267

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009871605267

Search

Navigation