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Emission rates and physico-chemical characteristics of Mn particles emitted by vehicles using Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) as an octane improver

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Abstract

Since 1990, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) has been added to all gasoline in Canada as an antiknock agent. The objective of this study is to determine the percentage of manganese emitted by different types of automobiles and to evaluate the size and chemical characteristics of the Mn-containing particles. Nine vehicles with different mileage and engine capacity were tested using standard procedures for urban and highway driving cycles. One ran on gasoline without MMT and served as a control. The particles were collected using two separate systems: a trapping device consisting of a water tank connected to the tailpipe and a pumping device linked to a cassette containing Teflon filters. Water samples were analyzed by neutron activation to determine the amount of Mn emitted at the tailpipe for each test. Teflon filters were analyzed by electron microscopy to determine the size and the chemical characteristics of the particles. The amount of manganese emitted from the tailpipe varied from 4 to 41% of the manganese consumed, depending on the driving cycle and the vehicle. For the urban cycle, the emission rate was positively correlated with previous mileage. Almost all particles found on teflon filters had a size less than 5 μm. They appeared to be mainly Mn oxides but other elements could be masked by the gold and paladium peaks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Human Toxicology, Research Group (TOXHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3J7

    Adriana Ardeleanu, Sylvain Loranger & Joseph Zayed

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3J7

    Greg Kennedy

  3. Center for Characterization and Microscopy of Materials, University of Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3J7

    Gilles L'Espérance

Authors
  1. Adriana Ardeleanu
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  2. Sylvain Loranger
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  3. Greg Kennedy
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  4. Gilles L'Espérance
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  5. Joseph Zayed
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph Zayed.

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Ardeleanu, A., Loranger, S., Kennedy, G. et al. Emission rates and physico-chemical characteristics of Mn particles emitted by vehicles using Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) as an octane improver. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 115, 411–427 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005163011651

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